环境不确定性与企业党员高管的创新“稳定器”效应

本文选取2010—2019年A股上市公司作为研究样本,研究高管党员身份在企业创新面临环境不确定带来冲击时的“稳定器”效应及其内在机制。研究发现：环境不确定性的提升抑制了企业创新,高管党员身份能通过降低研发支出挤出程度和优化融资环境两个渠道有效缓解环境不确定性的创新抑制效应。党员高管的创新“稳定器”效应更多地体现在环境不确定性增加的阶段,在平稳发展时期,应平衡好党组织参与企业治理与企业创新发展自主权的关系。全面从严治党战略的实施使党员高管决策风格更加稳健、保守,降低了企业风险承担,同时强化了面临环境不确定性时高管党员身份的“创新稳定器”作用。在当前企业创新面临高环境不确定性的大背景下,本文研究一方面丰富了党组织参与创新治理的理论依据,另一方面为高不确定性背景下优化企业创新环境提供了可实践路径。     

改进模糊综合评价模型在供应商选择中的应用

本文在分析现有的供应商评价方法的基础上，提出一种基于改进的模糊综合评价模型，使得评价的结果更为客观、科学，而且计算较为简便，为供应商的选择提供了一种全新的思路。最后用一个简单的案例进行了分析和讨论。     

“三权分置”下宅基地资格权实现的法治保障

[目的]文章通过对我国宅基地“三权分置”中宅基地资格权实现困境的分析,提出合理完善建议,实现对资格权实现的法治保障,推进宅基地“三权分置”改革的深入发展。[方法]实证分析法、政策内容分析法、文献分析法、逻辑分析法。[结果]我国的现行立法尚未对宅基地资格权的内涵以及制度构造做出明确规定,宅基地资格权的性质目前还存在关于“分配请求权说”“用益物权说”“剩余权说”“成员权说”的争议,宅基地资格权的主要权能也并不清晰。同时,现阶段宅基地资格权在实现上存在主体认定不明确、登记制度不健全、行使制度不具体、救济制度不完善等现实困境。[结论]基于对宅基地资格权来源和宅基地改革政策目标的分析,应将其界定为成员权。通过对试点地区实践经验的总结,建议将宅基地资格权主体认定为“集体成员”,采用“三权三证”模式进行确权登记,明确资格权的分配请求权、成员获益权、管理参与权、退出补偿权4种主要权能,探究资格权多元化的救济途径,切实保障农民的宅基地合法权益,全面推进乡村振兴。     

模糊识别在工程造价估算中的应用

探讨了模糊识别在工程造价估算中的应用,重点就模式库的建立和模式匹配与估算,建立了相应的模糊聚类、模糊贴近度、指数平滑等应用模型,并通过实例对模糊识别的过程进行了计算说明。     

Cooperative membership and farmers’ choice of marketing channels – Evidence from apple farmers in Shaanxi and Shandong Provinces,China

Cooperatives are established to improve farmers' production conditions, to increase their bargaining power and to enable them to benefit from modern value chains. In China, farmers are members of a cooperative for multiple reasons. Little is known on whether and how cooperative membership affects farmers’ choice of marketing channels. This paper examines determinants of farmers’ choice of marketing channels, especially how cooperative membership impacts upon this choice. Our analysis is based on survey data collected in 2015 among 625 apple growing farm households in the provinces Shaanxi and Shandong. We employ endogenous switching probit models to deal with potential endogeneity of membership in estimating the determinants of marketing channel choices. We find that cooperative membership has a positive impact on selling to wholesalers and a negative impact on selling to small dealers, but no significant impact on selling to the cooperative itself. As products sold through cooperatives generally comply with relatively stringent food quality and safety standards, these results imply that policies promoting cooperative members to sell their products through cooperatives are likely to have a significant impact on food quality and food safety in China.     

A membership pricing policy to facilitate service scale-expansion

This paper proposes a multi-year membership pricing policy for a service business like a gym chain. In the pricing policy, the equivalent membership price per year is relatively low to attract customers, and the multi-year membership fees must be prepaid in full. The prepaid cash provides resources for scale-expansion by opening new stores. We develop a nonlinear mixed integer programming model to formulate the pricing decisions. Numerical experiments reveal that the multi-year membership pricing policy, from a long-term perspective, is substantially better than the business-as-usual pricing policy (1-year membership) in cash balance, profit, and market share. Yet, the performances of the two pricing policies do not differ much from a short-term perspective. These findings indicate that the multi-year pricing policy may be a good strategy, because it initially attracts less attention of competitors; suddenly it emerges and substantially outperforms its competitors in cash balance, profit, and market share.     

Granting preferential market access in services sequentially versus jointly with goods

Despite the cost and resource‐effectiveness of joint trade negotiations and complementarities between goods and services‐trade flows, more than 12% of the 132 WTO‐notified services‐trade agreements (STAs) in force until August 2015 were entered into effect sequentially to goods‐trade accords. This stylised fact motivates our study of the determinants of joint versus sequential negotiation/accession of goods and services accords, a subject hitherto unexplored in the growing literature on the determinants of STA membership. Our results suggest larger marginal effects of fundamental economic, geographic, institutional, doing business and services regulatory factors on the propensity of joint negotiation/accession compared to STA formation alone. Moreover, cultural‐distance variables are only found to affect the likelihood of joint preferential liberalisation of goods and services trade, without influencing STA‐only membership.     

上市公司内部审计独立性的现状分析

独立性是内部审计的灵魂,是决定内部审计职能能否得到充分发挥和内部审计目标能否实现的关键因素。目前,我国上市公司内部审计部门主要隶属于董事会、审计委员会和总经理,并且隶属于审计委员会已经成为主流态势,独立性较高。内部审计独立性因上市公司的财务状况、控制人性质、所处行业、所在地区不同呈现出较为明显的差异。     

Web服务Qos评价的模糊新算法

质量评价在Web服务生命周期的服务选择、实时监控、管理和计费等阶段占有越来越重要的地位,且模糊理论已应用于该领域。文章从区分冗余隶属度的角度对模糊综合评判算法进行改进,以消除指标隶属度中对目标分类不起作用的冗余数值,在没有冗余数据的条件下实现隶属度转换,并应用于Web服务QoS的评价。     

基于改进隶属度转换算法的绿色施工模糊综合评价

针对施工活动中绿色施工的合理评价问题,首先,建立绿色施工二级评价指标体系,其次,应用层次分析法（AHP）确定各指标的重要性权重,在此基础上建立绿色施工模糊综合评价模型,并根据指标体系的结构特点,应用改进的隶属度转换算法识别对目标分类不起作用的冗余指标隶属度和指标隶属度中的冗余数值,选择对绿色施工分类起作用的＂有效值＂参与计算目标隶属度,得到切合实际的评判结果。最后,通过工程实例验证该方法的可行性。