Mixed logit analysis of trade-off effects between international airline fares and fences: a revenue management perspective

As transportation is essential for tourism development, effectively utilizing its perishable resources has become an important issue. This study aims to analyse the relationship between airline fares and using conditions from the perspective of millennial tourists and taking the Taipei–Tokyo market as an example. The study attempts to show a revenue management practice in the manipulation of homogeneous seat service and give millennial tourists a better understanding of their preferences for ticket choices. We categorize availability of flight, advance booking, ticket validity, and changing conditions as main attributes and develop a stated-preference questionnaire with multiple hypothetical scenarios for respondents to select in the experiment. We effectively collect 390 valid samples for a mixed logit analysis and the results show that all applied attributes are statistically significant. Ticket validity is revealed to be the most important fence with the largest willingness-to-pay value and followed by availability of flight, advanced booking, and changing conditions.     

E-Shopping Patterns of Chinese and US Millennials

A conceptually based taxonomy of 22 distinct forms of e-shopping vehicles is proposed. A modification of the UTAUT and UTAUT2 models is introduced to explain how vehicles are interrelated in regard to consumer reliance upon them for their e-purchasing. A survey of over 1,000 millennial university students, 697 Chinese and 306 US, revealed strong support in both samples for the hypothesized six dimensional pattern underlying consumer vehicular reliance. Further, differences between Chinese and US samples lay not in the nature of the dimensions, but rather in the strength of reliance upon each dimension. Thus, the study demonstrates the utility of the concept/measure of shopper vehicular reliance, VPR (Vehicle Purchasing Reliance) for both practitioners and scientists. In cross-national comparisons, observed differences between samples in strength of reliance supported four of five hypotheses predicated on previously established national distinctions a) in trust and b) in the cultural value of individualism-collectivism.     

Analysis of Korean millennials’ travel expenditure patterns: an almost ideal demand system approach

ABSTRACT

Generational cohorts can differ in their consumption patterns and preferred travel behavior. As the millennial generation represents an important economic force and influences new consumption trends, this study utilizes nationwide data and almost ideal demand system (AIDS) approach to examine expenditure patterns of Korean travelers during holidays. In this process, the joint effects of travel-related characteristics are also examined. The results of the AIDS estimation on data from 871 domestic travelers reveal significantly different travel expenditure patterns for cohorts. The findings contribute to furthering the understanding of how different generational cohorts allocate their travel budgets to respective travel expenditure categories.     

An Empirical Study on the Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior of Millennial Consumers

The online market in India is growing at an exponential rate, predominantly driven by the massive and extensive promotional activities. This strategy may not be appreciable in the long run, hence a real value addition is essential, which is explored through this study. The main objective of this research is to study about the determinants that are affecting the online purchasing behavior of millennial consumers. Conceptual framework, which consists of four factors that may induce online purchase behavior among millennial consumers: consumer innovativeness, perceived benefits, perceived risks, attitude and intention. The population of the study is from the millennial customer’s segment of Chennai metro, Tamil Nadu, India, and the study used systematic random sampling. The statistical tools applied are chi-square, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, and factor analysis. From the outcomes of this study, factors influencing online purchase are analyzed, and suggestive strategies for online companies are recommended.     

Using Lifestyle Analysis to Develop Lodging Packages for Staycation Travelers: An Exploratory Study

When the U.S. economy experienced a downturn in 2008, an alternative to travel known as a “staycation” became popular. This study investigated the lifestyle profiles of staycation travelers by using Activities, Interests, and Opinions statements to segment staycation travelers. Because the largest percentage of staycations is taken by the Millennial generation, students at a university in northeastern Ohio were surveyed. An exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors followed by a cluster analysis, which revealed four clusters. Travel packages that hotels could create to market to members of the four clusters were created. Limitations and future research are discussed.     

Food tourists’ connectivity through the 5A journey and advocacy: comparison between generations Y and X

ABSTRACT

By adopting the new 5A model of Marketing 4.0, which conceptualizes a consumer-driven paradigm shift in digital marketing, this study empirically investigated food tourists’ connectivity throughout the 5A process (aware, appeal, ask, act, and advocate). Furthermore, we compared the 5A journeys of Generation Y and Generation X. Along the 5A path, both generations indicated the strongest social connectivity in the ask stage. Generation Y showed stronger social connectivity than Generation X, while there was no significant difference in channel connectivity. The social connectivity in the advocate stage was most strongly correlated with that in the act stage. Within each generation, active netizens were more strongly engaged in sharing and positive/negative advocacy. Based on these findings, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications.     

Keeping up with the joneses: emergence of travel as a form of social comparison among millennials

The idea of “Keeping Up with the Joneses” was developed as a phenomenon wherein people want to own the same objects and do the same things as their peers in order to keep up with them socially. Along with the combined rise of globalization, mobile technology and the millennial mindset of valuing experiences over material possessions, this research qualitatively examines how travel has become a marker of status among certain subpopulations of the millennial cohort, along with identifying idiosyncrasies of their social networking habits in conjunction with their travel behaviors. Ascending opportunities for travel and tourism marketing practitioners are denoted.     

The effects of online negative word-of-mouth on dissatisfied customers: A frustration–aggression perspective

Conceptualizing how customers construe online negative word-of-mouth (nWOM) following failure experiences remains unsettled, leaving providers with inconclusive recovery strategy programmes. This empirical study recognizes online nWOM as a co-created encounter between the complainant (i.e., the initiator of the online nWOM) and the recipient (i.e., the consumer who engages with the online nWOM), examining their idiosyncrasies to discern their understanding of the experience. It introduces frustration–aggression theory to online WOM literature, recognizing that it can support a higher-order understanding of phenomena. Through phenomenological hermeneutics, interviews and focus groups, data were collected from millennials in Albania and Kosovo that provided accounts of nuanced and distinctive online nWOM realities. The emerged insights extended extant theory to a three-fold online nWOM typology (i.e., lenient online nWOM, moderate online nWOM and severe online nWOM) recognizing the negative impact customers have on a provider, which is controlled by frustration–aggression tags. Frustration–aggression variations across online nWOM led to the construct of three types of customers that engage in online nWOM, namely tolerable online nWOM customers, rigorous online nWOM customers and confrontational online nWOM customers. Findings culminated with satisfactory recovery strategies aligned to customer inferences regardless of the nWOM context.     

新生代员工心理资本对安全行为的影响:基于安全动机和安全知识的中介作用

心理资本在提高员工行为方面发挥了重要作用,企业越来越注重开发员工积极心理状态来代替以往以惩罚纠正为主的管理手段.在安全领域,新生代员工安全行为问题一直是高危险企业关注的重点,因此,新生代员工心理资本对安全行为的影响机制是目前国内较少关注和文章将要解决的重要问题.文章通过对333个新生代员工样本进行分析,运用结构方程模型的方法,结合新生代员工的特点,研究了心理资本对新生代员工安全行为的影响关系以及安全动机和安全知识的中介作用.研究结果表明:(1)心理资本及其各个维度均与新生代员工安全行为呈显著正相关;(2)自我效能对新生代员工安全行为的影响大于其他各个维度对安全行为的影响;(3)心理资本及其各个维度对新生代员工安全参与行为的影响大于对安全遵从行为的影响;(4)心理资本以安全动机和安全知识为中介影响新生代员工安全参与行为和安全遵从行为,其中安全知识在心理资本对新生代员工安全遵从行为的影响路径中起到完全中介效应.文章丰富和扩展了心理资本理论在安全领域的应用和解释力,同时也扩展了心理资本在新生代员工群体中的研究和运用,有助于高危险企业管理者选择更加适宜的安全管理手段对新生代员工安全行为进行有效管理.