说话状态在歌唱训练中的应用

说话的声音和歌唱的声音都是由同一个结构、同样的发声器官产生的。呼吸器官、喉头、声带、共鸣器官以及咬字吐字器官是说话与歌唱发声所必须的物质基础与条件，只是两者对这些器官的运用程度不一样。说话发音是歌唱的基础，歌唱发音是说话的技术系统化和艺术化。歌唱发音与说话发音有着不可分割的联系，将说话发音的自然、放松，以及语言表述感迁移到歌唱训练中，用怎样“说”来启发怎样“唱”，对声乐学习有重要意义。     

“庭园”与“庭院”概念的演进

通过对庭园和庭院发展脉络和文化的分析,提炼出庭园和庭院的精髓:庭园和庭院都是人为化的自然空间,从气质上,再现了自然,又艺术化了自然,自然性是它的重要特性。     

Perception of Naturalness of Food Packaging and Its Role in Consumer Product Evaluation

The aim of this article is to understand the concept of food “naturalness,” as it is perceived by the consumer via the packaging. The research is based on a qualitative study from which three types of experimental packaging were constructed (emotional, functional, and mixed) and a quantitative study carried out on 163 French consumers. The research identified two dimensions of food naturalness and related them to credibility, attractiveness, quality, and purchase intention, with differences according to the three types of packaging tested. The highlighting of their role in the perception of the naturalness of a food product should help managers to avoid overexposure of the concept.     

Core Organic Taste: Preferences for Naturalness-Related Sensory Attributes of Organic Food Among European Consumers

Consumers’ preferences for organic food have evolved in recent years, moving from altruistic values to more egoistic buying motivations, such as health promoting or nutritional aspects and sensory properties. Hypothesizing that organic consumers have peculiar preferences for naturalness-related sensory attributes, we developed the concept of the “core organic taste” based on the principles of a wholesome nutrition. This article investigates to what extent the “core organic taste” is relevant across different European countries and its potential relevance for food marketing. A sample of 1,798 organic food consumers was interviewed during 2010–2011 in six European countries. Explorative factor analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and post hoc tests were applied to analyze the data. Results show that the “core organic taste” is not applicable for all countries. Indeed, for most countries only single elements seem to be relevant. However, for Germany and Switzerland the “core organic taste”—representing the first “taste style”—has proven its potential value and points at the need for more research in this field. Depending on the country, product developers and marketers could potentially use different elements of the “core organic taste” to better meet organic consumers’ wishes and expectations. Finally, recommendations and suggestions for practitioners and academia are provided.     

Consumers’ Trust in Food Quality and Willingness to Pay More for National Parks’ Brands: Preliminary Evidence From Italy

In Italy, national parks allow the use of their brand logo and name on the labels of food products produced by firms located within the national parks. However, no empirical research has yet investigated the impact of national park brands on consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. Hence, this empirical study explores the factors that influence consumer trust in food quality and their willingness to pay premium prices for the national park brands. Results from a survey involving a sample of 227 Italian consumers suggest that women and younger consumers trust more and are more willing to pay for national park brands. The origin of food products associated with national parks, naturalness of foods, food quality certifications and branding, and the environment in which the packaged foods originate influence consumer confidence and buying behavior. Implications for food marketers and policymakers are discussed.     

The effect of naturalness claims on perceptions of food product naturalness in the point of purchase

Recent trends in marketing highlight an increased focus on naturalness claims with the hope of a higher consumer perception of product naturalness, but does this always make sense? This research examines this question in two experiments. Results show that the perception of naturalness depends on the types of points of purchase, those that convey a sense of naturalness, such as traditional markets, leading to more perceived naturalness. Importantly, results show that point of purchase type interacts with naturalness claim salience such that highly salient claims leads to higher perceived naturalness for product being displayed in a point of purchase that conveys a sense of naturalness. Finally, results show that the authority which claims the naturalness of the product is of major importance, brand-independent naturalness claims leading consumers to perceive the claim as more credible and consequently the product as more natural.     

老子哲学的逻辑起点探析

从老子哲学的基本概念出发,条分缕析地介绍《老子》著作的基本要义.同时,坚持哲学内涵与逻辑结构相一致的原则,揭示了老子哲学的思想内核、基本脉络以及逻辑架构.     

说话状态在歌唱训练中的应用

说话的声音和歌唱的声音都是由同一个结构、同样的发声器官产生的。呼吸器官、喉头、声带、共鸣器官以及咬字吐字器官是说话与歌唱发声所必须的物质基础与条件,只是两者对这些器官的运用程度不一样。说话发音是歌唱的基础,歌唱发音是说话的技术系统化和艺术化。歌唱发音与说话发音有着不可分割的联系,将说话发音的自然、放松,以及语言表述感迁移到歌唱训练中,用怎样"说"来启发怎样"唱",对声乐学习有重要意义。     

Key Factors that Influence Consumer Preferences for Natural-Hyped Products

Natural-hyped products are receiving greater attention from and acceptance by consumers worldwide. Environmental factors that foster the demand for natural-hyped products, specifically hemp-based products include the deregulation of the cannabis industry and greater consumer desire for natural foods. Adding to this, the strategic use of stimulant type of cues (e.g., a cannabis leaf) included in product logos, ads, and packaging, seems to create hype associations when evaluating hemp-based products. In this context, this study presents empirical evidence (three experiments and two qualitative studies) that illustrates consumer preference for hemp-based products over ones that do not include hemp as an ingredient (hemp-free). The research focuses on identifying the psychological determinant that orients consumers towards hemp-based products. Findings suggest that the perceived naturalness is the psychological mechanism behind consumers positive evaluation of hemp-based products. Moreover, this study presents evidence that this evaluation is enhanced by the consumer's need for stimulation. Implications of the findings for the role of perceived naturalness and the need for stimulation in marketing strategies are discussed.     

The visual naturalness effect: Impact of natural logos on brand personality perception

A logo is a critical visual element that uniquely identifies a brand and can affect consumers' brand perceptions. Naturalness reflects the degree to which a sign depicts objects from the natural and sensitive world. The logo strategy literature identifies naturalness as a universal and critical design dimension influencing consumers' cognitive, affective and behavioural reactions. In practice, both high and low natural logos are frequently used by brands. However, the current understanding of the effects of logo naturalness is limited. This research thus investigates the influence of natural logos on consumer perceptions of brand personality. The data were collected in four experiments using a set of 10 manipulated logos as stimuli. Our results suggest that high (vs. low) natural logos positively affect the perception of brand sincerity personality and that this effect occurs because high natural logos are easier to process and elicit stronger impressions of authenticity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the positive effect of logo naturalness is enhanced among brands with products made from natural-made (vs. human-made) ingredients. These findings therefore suggest that brands should avoid using low natural logos if their sincerity perception is critical or if most of their products contain high levels of natural ingredients. Hence, our results reinforce the visual design and branding theories and offer marketing practitioners actionable insights.