Consumers and deregulation of the electricity market in Germany

Against the backcloth of EU regulation, this note looks at the “politics of necessity” regarding electricity provision in Germany. Electricity as a case is chosen because its provision has been undergoing a profound process of liberalisation and deregulation, and there is a considerable amount of experience with the chances and pitfalls of liberalisation in this sector. Secondly, electricity is a network industry and a natural monopoly subject to systematic market failure, which calls for regulation. The paper starts out with a closer look at the consumer as an actor in the regulation process, proposing a three-role model of the consumer as a market player, as a citizen, and as a micro-producer in households and networks. In these roles, consumers take on different social and political identities; they are affected differently by (de)regulation of essential services and have different options for reacting to quality and price issues. It then describes the legal state and the development of deregulation in the electricity sector in Germany. Selected empirical data are presented, and consumer policy implications are drawn.     

资本主义新变化视野中的“两个必然”

苏东发生剧变以来,世界社会主义走向低潮;而与此同时,世界资本主义不但没有灭亡,而且还发生了一系列新的变化。文章主要阐述了当代资本主义的一些具体新变化及其影响表现,力求在资本主义的新变化的视野之中来解读马克思的"两个必然"的思想。     

东西方文化差异与竞争优势——挑战宝洁

我国加入WTO以来,随着全球经济一体化的快速发展,我国市场正逐步全面向外国开放,我国企业面临着越来越激烈的来自外国公司的挑战。中国日用化工品市场开放较早,但到目前为止,却没有像家电产业那样形成自己的强势品牌,可与同类跨国公司在同一层次一较高下。因此,必须对我国日化市场上的领导者宝洁公司进行分析,探讨东西方文化差异在我国日化市场竞争中起到的作用,促进我国日化企业做大做强。     

我国城乡居民收入差异的现状及对策

在市场经济中 ,民办高等教育和其他学校教育一样 ,其商品特殊性和精神产品方面的特性导致其富有正外部性即公共品属性 ;现阶段义务制教育和包括民办高等教育在内的非义务制教育是国家主要从国情出发进行的制度安排 ,不影响民办高等教育公共品属性的客观存在 ,相反 ,这一公共品     

中国企业绿色营销问题思考

针对绿色营销的特点 ,在分析实施绿色营销的必要性基础上 ,提出了实施绿色营销的战略和对策 ,努力使绿色营销成为中国营销市场上的主流。