Institutional design and the closure of public facilities in transition economies

As part of the reforms of their systems for financing and delivering health care, many transition economies, particularly in central and eastern Europe, have adopted national insurance funds that are institutionally separate from ministries of health. Most of these countries have also grappled with the problem of restructuring the delivery system, especially the need to reduce hospital capacity. Although improving the performance of medical care providers through a shift from passive budgeting to explicitly incentive mechanisms is important, why this change in financial relations between the government and providers could not be implemented simply by reforming the role of health ministries is not obvious. This paper presents an explicit rationale for the separation of powers between the regulator (the ministry of health) and the financing body (the insurance fund), based on the inability of a single agency to commit to closing hospitals. JEL classification: L51, P20, P35, I18.     

社会养老保险新政的运行效果分析——基于沈阳市国有大型企业的调查

利用调查数据重点考察了社会养老保险新政的实际运行效果,指出了目前存在职工参保意愿不强烈、政策有效性尚不明显、对制度长期建设缺乏信心等现实问题,以期对养老保险制度的改革完善提供理论和政策依据。     

Optimising a Probabilistic Model of the Development of Play in Soccer

We present a probabilistic model based on the one developed by Hernández Mendo and Anguera (Revista de Psicologíca Social, 16(1), 71–93, 2001). Here we have tried to break down the interaction contexts that the opposing teams are able to generate and transform during the game. We are aware that a given player or team does not produce consistent behaviour in similar situations. However, a degree of uncertainty is assumed to exist regarding whether the results obtained are a specific function of the analysis used. In order to carry out this research a category system which optimized that used in the previous model was developed. This system should enable the interaction between teams to be observed within the actual play of a soccer game. A lag sequential analysis was performed on the basis of a coding of the behavioural flow. After describing the behavioural patterns obtained a probabilistic model of the development of play in soccer is proposed.     

The effects of distributive,procedural, and interactional justice on customer retention: An empirical investigation in the mobile telecom industry in Tunisia

The framework offered in this study provides empirical evidence concerning the interaction between distributive, procedural and interactional perceived justice and loyalty program satisfaction on relational satisfaction in the mobile telecommunication context. Firms that rely on justice perception for strategy implementation are able to attain customer retention. This study suggests a theoretical model of customer retention that aims at investigating the role of satisfaction with loyalty program on relationship marketing. The structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothetical relationships. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to a total of a convenience sample of 520 customers of multiple mobile phone companies. The target population includes customers who have subscribed to a loyalty program. Results show that distributive justice moderates the relationship between satisfaction with the loyalty program and relational satisfaction. The results highlight the need to focus on distributive justice in order to nurture satisfaction and loyalty. Satisfaction with the loyalty program is a key predictor of a satisfactory relationship with the operator and customer retention.     

创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别

创业活动是创新、就业和经济增长的重要来源。企业家通过持续探索创造新业务,促进社会和经济的发展和繁荣。本文基于资源基础理论和知识基础理论,以大众创业浪潮为研究背景,深入揭示创业导向、外部知识获取与创业机会识别之间的关系,并以中国246份创业新企业为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：创业导向对新企业的机会识别和外部知识获取均具有积极影响;外部知识获取在创业导向和新企业的机会识别之间起到部分中介作用;此外,市场知识获取比技术知识获取对创业机会识别的影响更为突出。     

提升农村公共危机管理能力——建设社会主义新农村的必经之路

2006年关于三农的\"一号文件\"提出了建设社会主义新农村的战略构想,为了建设社会主义新农村,我们必须认清我国农村潜伏的危机,并力图提升我国农村公共危机管理的能力.关于农村公共危机,文章着重分析了我国目前农村公共危机的五种类型,最后根据张成福的\"全面整合\"模式提出了提升农村公共危机管理能力的七种途径.     

基于员工维度的旅行社业绩评价体系研究

业绩评价是旅行社进行科学管理的重要手段。智力密集型、服务型和相关型的旅行社行业属性,使员工人力资本体现出能动性及与内外部高度合作协调性的特征,成为旅行社竞争能力的核心资本。缺乏员工维度的业绩评价就会在一定程度上导致员工流失率上升和行业中＂柠檬市场＂现象的出现。文章从旅行社业绩形成动因的逻辑分析入手,构建了以员工满意度和员工服务效率结果指标为核心的旅行社业绩评价体系,并以此为基础从成本指标、时间指标及质量指标等过程指标角度进行了具体细化衡量。     

项目型产品营销的售前服务全景分析

售前服务属于服务营销的范畴,但在实施过程日益呈现出项目管理的特性。售前服务包含技术性服务和经济性服务两项内容,其精髓是通过实施“消费者教育”来促进产品销售,并在实践中呈现出售前活动项目化、售前工作职业化、售前经验知识化等新特征。在项目管理与服务营销的融合下,售前服务管理围绕消费者、企业的双重价值来实现,形成了以售前团队管理、售前质量管理、售前交付物管理和售前流程管理为核心的概念体系。