我国非常规水源开发利用存在的问题及对策

分析了我国非常规水源的开发利用现状及存在的主要问题,提出了非常规水源开发利用的对策：统一规划,统一管理;完善法制,修订标准;加大投入,拓宽融资渠道;制定优惠政策,鼓励使用非常规水源;加强非常规水源的技术研发和试点推广;加大宣传力度,鼓励公众积极参与。     

论新商标法中的驰名商标的修改

驰名商标具有无形的财产价值,它所蕴涵的内在经济价值是不可预估的。世界各国对于驰名商标都给予了特殊的保护,将其用法律的方法保护。相对于普通商标而言,驰名商标能获得的保护更多。驰名商标的保护是商标法保护的核心,由于其巨大的经济效益导致其被盗用或模仿的可能性比普通商标更高,因此对其保护更加周密严格。驰名商标可以获得跨类商品等较高的保护水平,较之于普通商标还拥有一些特殊的权利,我国现行的《商标法》建立了比较完善的驰名商标保护制度,但是仍有不足之处,故针对这些不足之处提出一些意见。     

Patents,Copyrights, and Trademarks in the Early Twenty-First Century: The New Relevance of Some Old Concepts of Intellectual Property Rights

SUMMARY

After laying an historical foundation of the concept of “promonopoly” legislation in the face of a U. S. public policy devoted, since 1890, to a generally antimonopoly position, this paper examines the relevance of recent changes in the three types of domestic promonopoly law: patent law, copyright law, and trademark law. During the last thirty years of the twentieth century, and especially during the last decade of that period, all three aspects of American promonopoly legislation were strengthened. The term of copyright was extended from a maximum of fifty-six years to the lifetime of the last-living author of a work plus seventy years and coverage was broadened to extend to recordings-by a number of means-of performances; patents were lengthened in duration from seventeen years to twenty; and the law of trademarks was modified to include protection for trademark holders against “dilution,” or loss of value of trademarks due to the acts of noncompetitors. The implications and rationales of these changes are examined in the context of their effect on business life at the beginning of the third millennium. While it is too soon since the majority of these changes in law went into effect to draw definitive conclusions concerning their ultimate consequences, it does appear that, in general, their thrust is to increase the value of intellectual property to its proprietors.     

再生水定价的形成机制分析

进一步推进再生水的利用不仅依赖于政策的扶持,也依赖于再生水水价所具有的优势。再生水与自来水之间的价格差是促使用户接受再生水的主要原因之一。在借鉴合理水价定价方法基础上,详细分析再生水合理价格构成与定价机制以及再生水的定价区间,分析常规水价与再生水的比价关系对再生水利用的影响,提出了建立合理的地表水、地下水、自来水、再生水等之间的比价关系,分类制定再生水定价,完善相关配套政策等方面的政策性建议。     

Dreaming of the West: The power of the brand in Soviet Lithuania, 1960s–1980s

Abstract

The article reveals the interest in foreign trademarks observed in Lithuanian society from the 1960s through the 1980s, when the demand for brand names spread after Western culture reached the Soviet Union. The consumption of Western cultural products, or imitations thereof, became one of the key symbolic expressions of freedom in Soviet society. In Lithuania, the most popular clothes were those bearing fake trademarks, even though Soviet authorities attempted to prevent the desire for and the wearing of these garments through the use of ideological tools.     

The Internet's impact on trademark applications

This article assesses empirically the impact of Internet access on the number of trademark applications submitted by countries' residents. The analysis suggests that promotion of access to the Internet influences positively the submission of trademark applications by residents. Greater access to the Internet exerts a stronger positive effect on trademark submissions in developed countries than in developing ones. This positive effect is enhanced when countries further liberalise their trade regimes.     

The ‘disguised’ foreign investor: Brands,trademarks and the British expatriate entrepreneur in Brazil

Abstract

This article examines the impact of the British expatriate entrepreneur, and his processes of knowledge transfer, on the industrialization and economic development of Brazil between 1875 and 1914. It focuses on the textiles industry, and combines original trademark data with conventional trade and investment statistics, and also case study analysis about firms and their entrepreneurs. It argues that British investment in Brazil was higher and had a deeper impact on economic development than considered by existing research, as expatriate entrepreneurs ‘disguised’ a substantial amount of foreign investments by acting as shareholders and top managers of newly established local businesses.     

充分发挥商标战略的引领作用

发挥商标战略的引领作用,引导企业把商标战略纳入企业发展的总体战略,指导企业提高商品制造、研发、运用能力,培育商标的独特性,形成品牌互动,提高商标在市场和消费者心目中的认知度;提高商标利用效率,增强企业在更大范围、更高领域、更高层次参与国内外市场竞争的优势,重组、优化产品结构和产业结构,促进经济结构调整与增长方式的转变。加强对商标专用权的保护,构建以商标注册人自我保护为主体,行政和司法保护相结合,社会公众参与的商标权益保护体系,加大商标专用权行政执法力度,积极探索长效机制,保护企业的创新成果。     

Trade liberalisation and domestic brands: Evidence from China's accession to the WTO

In this paper, we examine how trade liberalisation affects firms' branding behaviours. We investigate this question with China's accession to the WTO in late 2001. We find that firms in sectors with large import tariff reductions discontinue more trademarks. Meanwhile, these firms file more trademark applications and their total number of effective trademarks increases after trade liberalisation. This growth in trademarks is mainly driven by large firms, as measured by the number of employees. In fact, small firms' applications and effective trademarks decline during trade liberalisation. It is also found that trademark applications are mainly filed for the traditionally non-dominant products of industries. We provide a conceptual model that incorporates the channels through which both passive and active responses occur.     

Geographical Indications and the Competitive Provision of Quality in Agricultural Markets

The economics of geographical indications (GIs) is assessed within a vertical product differentiation framework that is consistent with the competitive structure of agriculture. It is assumed that certification costs are needed for GIs to serve as (collective) credible quality certification devices, and production of high-quality product is endogenously determined. We find that GIs can support a competitive provision of quality and lead to clear welfare gains, although they fall short of delivering the (constrained) first best. The main beneficiaries are consumers. Producers may also accrue some benefit if production of the high-quality products draws on scarce factors that they own.