首批银行代客境外理财产品比较分析

首批QDII产品的运作情况整体而言不尽如人意,但各款产品之问较大的收益差别更值得进行仔细的思考.本文结合各产品的收益情况,对各QDII产品之间的设计条款进行比较,力图找出两者之间存在的必然联系,为今后银行QDII产品的设计提供一些思路.     

Debt Covenant Restriction,Financial Misreporting,and Auditor Monitoring*

Theory suggests that financial report-based debt covenants engender incentives for the manager to relax covenant constraints through accounting choices in order to avoid costly covenant violations. Prior studies directly testing this hypothesis in the context of financial misreporting fail to find consistent evidence. Using a more refined measure of debt covenant restriction, we find that debt covenant restriction is positively associated with the probability of financial statement misstatements. This positive association is driven by performance covenants rather than capital covenants and is more consistent with the manager striving to avoid a “false-positive” violation than to delay the violation. Our results also imply that managers resort to both income-increasing and non–income-increasing misreporting to relieve covenant constraints and rely more on the latter when faced with greater earnings management constraints. Additionally, the auditor charges higher audit fees to firms with more binding covenants even outside the violation state, and audit fees increase with constraints relative to both performance and capital covenants, reflecting greater financial reporting risk and bankruptcy risk, respectively. Within capital covenants, we find some evidence of even higher audit fees for tighter intangible-inclusive versus intangible-exclusive capital covenants. Lastly, our evidence suggests that the positive association between covenant constraints and misreporting is attenuated when the auditor has more experience with debt covenants, has greater bargaining power over the client, or faces greater litigation risk.     

阿根廷债务重组：现实困局与制度反思

自2001年主权债务违约后,阿根廷经历了2005年和2010年两次债务互换,但是,由于少数“钉子户”债权人的反对并诉诸司法程序,阿根廷债务重组陷入再次违约的重大风险。回顾阿根廷债务重组的过程以及以对冲基金为主的少数债权人对阿根廷的诉讼,可以清晰地看出阿根廷主权债务重组困境是由阿根廷自身非审慎性的债务重组机制、美国行为的双重标准以及全球主权债务重组基础机制缺失等造成的。随着重债富国问题的出现,主权债务重组中的国内外司法管辖权、私人部门与公共部门参与、集体行动条款与同等权益条款,以及合同法与法定机制等争论更加凸显,建立一个全球性主权债务重组机制是国际金融体系稳定的基础任务。     

世贸组织框架下贸易规则与环保条款的协调及困境

目标和价值的不同、环境问题的外部性和环保条款本身的含糊性是贸易规则与环保条款冲突的原因。应通过可持续发展观、环境成本内在化、加强国际合作和统一规制来协调贸易规则与环保条款的关系。但也存在一些超越世贸组织协调机制之外的困境。     

绵里藏针——信用证软条款浅析

信用证软条款在信用证生效的各个环节上制造障碍,使得受益人无法顺利结汇。本文分析了信用证软条款的不同类型,并在信用证风险防范方面给出了建议。外贸公司应当重视信用证的审核工作,防止软条款带来的经济损失。     

Termination clauses in partnerships

We show that when designing a partnership agreement partner firms may prefer not to specify how to allocate the commonly owned assets should there be an early termination of the contract. By not including such a clause, firms induce litigation before a Court with positive probability. Firms create this ex-post inefficiency in order to increase the levels of non-contractible investments, i.e. increase the ex-ante efficiency. The absence of an asset allocation clause works as a “discipline device” that mitigates the hold-up problem within the partnership. In our set-up, no other contract but that without an asset allocation clause can credibly create an ex-post inefficiency.     

《生物安全议定书》的贸易条款及其影响

由于转基因生物对生物多样性、生态环境和人体健康可能产生潜在的有害影响,《生物安全议定书》的贸易条款对转基因生物贸易作了较严格的限制。但是受到多种因素的交互影响,这些条款的贸易限制效果是有限的。     

'A Public Expert in Matters of Account': Defining the Chartered Accountant in England and Wales

This study addresses the attempts by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) to set its professional boundaries based on the performance of work in order to create a definition of the specialist chartered accountant or 'public expert in matters of account'. The article, located in the 1880-1900 period, provides an insight into the activities and arenas in which chartered accountants could engage. The complexities associated with this demarcation between permissible and non-permissible activities, revealed through a series of 'test cases', were exacerbated by the 'grandfather clauses' contained in the ICAEW's Royal Charter.     

完善格式合同制度之理性思考

格式合同具有安全、高效、迅捷等优点,但其往往违背合同自由和公平原则。我国现行法律对格式合同的相关规定极不完备,应建立一个系统的、运用多种手段将事前规制与事后规制相结合的、有中国特色的格式合同制度。     

可转债上市公司调整转股价格的行为及影响分析

摘要：可转债是兼有股票期权和债券性质的复合型金融衍生品。为促使投资者尽快将可转债转换为股票,上市公司的常见做法是向下调整转股价格。因此,研究上市公司调整转股价格的行为及其影响十分必要。本文首先分析了现有可转债上市公司近五年调整转股价格的行为及其原因,并将其行为分为自然调整和主动向下修正两类;然后着重研究上市公司主动向下修正转股价格的行为对转股比例、股票价格、可转债价格j者的影响,最后得出相应结论。