我国森林产品认证与可持续发展研究

文章介绍了国内外林产品认证的现状,从政府、获证企业、林产品认证本身、认证机构和社会诚信角度分析了我国林产品认证行业出现的问题,并分别提出针对性的建议。     

Analysis of the potential socio-economic impact of establishing plantation forestry on rural communities in Sanga district,Niassa province,Mozambique

This study assesses the livelihoods of rural households in a proposed green field forestry area located in Sanga district of Niassa province, Mozambique. The livelihood analysis was used to analyze potential socio-economic impacts of introducing forest plantations to rural households located within the proposed afforestation area. The study made use of household interviews, key informant interviews and secondary data. The sustainable livelihoods framework was used in the research process to develop the household questionnaire and to identify livelihood strategies. Data were analyzed using 331 household questionnaires collected throughout the proposed afforestation area in various communities in the study area. Findings from the study indicated that there is minimal wealth gaps between rural households; but that the introduction of the forestry industry and the subsequent employment created thereof may result in larger wealth gaps between wage earning and non-wage earning households. The study further concludes by linking the potential socio-economic impacts with mitigation recommendations that could be harmonized with FSC Standard requirements for forestry companies interested in developing a forest industry in the study area.     

A study on travelers' transport mode choice behavior using the mixed logit model: A case study of the Seoul-Jeju route

This study is to analyze passengers' choice of the mode of transportation when air transportation is in competition with high speed rail (HSR). The Seoul-Jeju route analyzed as an empirical case study, in which the construction of an undersea tunnel to connect Seoul and Jeju city by HSR has been considered. The study also included two new variables, ‘safety of transportation’ and ‘availability of duty free shopping’ in addition to traditional transport choice variables such as travel time, travel costs and frequency of service to reflect special characteristics of the market. As data gathering tools, SP techniques and mixed logit model, for analytical methodology, were utilized. The authors found that the goodness of fit of the models was improved with new variables. The models also showed that the characteristics of business passengers and leisure passengers in choosing the mode of transportation were different. Business passengers were apt to choose a safety secured mode of transportation regardless of fare while leisure passengers preferred to use duty free shops more than business passengers.     

Least-cost allocation of measures to increase the amount of coarse woody debris in forest estates

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is crucial for maintaining biodiversity in forests but conservation measures to increase CWD must be performed cost efficiently. We estimate least-cost combinations of CWD-increasing measures in a spruce-dominated Swedish forest estate. Specifically, we investigate how using combinations of the measures tree retention, creating high stumps, manual scarification, prolonged rotations, and retention of dying trees impacts the amount of CWD and net present value at the estate level. We found that by combining CWD-increasing measures in an optimal way the amount of CWD on the estate could be increased 322% with a decrease in present value of only 10%. The optimal combination of conservation measures depends on the desired increase in CWD. The analysis thus shows that huge improvements in cost-efficiency of biodiversity-oriented forestry are possible.     

商贸流通业发展如何影响食品安全控制:一个文献述评

商贸流通业发展如何影响食品安全控制,是一个被触及但未被打开的研究议题。通过文献梳理发现,食品安全风险分别集中在生产环节和流通环节,而发展商贸流通业能同时对两大环节的食品安全控制产生激励,其中的作用机制有三:第一,流通产业结构与产业组织的优化,通过加强企业信誉激励对食品安全控制产生影响;第二,流通业效率的提高,通过节省流通成本提高了消费者支付意愿与支付水平,从而对食品安全控制产生激励;第三,流通业的信息传导特征有利于提高食品安全信息的传导效率,并对食品安全控制产生激励。文献述评指出了我国商贸流通业发展滞后是加剧我国食品安全问题的一个可能原因,但仍需后续的实证研究作为进一步的研究方向。     

商贸流通业发展如何影响食品安全控制:一个文献述评

商贸流通业发展如何影响食品安全控制,是一个被触及但未被打开的研究议题。通过文献梳理发现,食品安全风险分别集中在生产环节和流通环节,而发展商贸流通业能同时对两大环节的食品安全控制产生激励,其中的作用机制有三:第一,流通产业结构与产业组织的优化,通过加强企业信誉激励对食品安全控制产生影响;第二,流通业效率的提高,通过节省流通成本提高消费者支付意愿与支付水平,从而对食品安全控制产生激励;第三,流通业的信息传导特征有利于提高食品安全信息的传导效率,并对食品安全控制产生激励。文献述评指出了我国商贸流通业发展滞后是加剧我国食品安全问题的一个可能原因,但仍需作进一步的后续实证研究。