甘草属药用植物的质量评价

为了对甘草属药用植物的种内和种间作出较为客观的质量评价,我们将从新疆、甘肃、陕西、宁夏和内蒙古伊克昭盟鄂托克前旗指定的实验样地,并对在相同生态条件和管理措施中种植 3 年的植株进行了质量对比,为合理开发利用甘草资源提供了科学依据。     

Remediation of Abandoned Saline Soils Using Glycyrrhiza glabra: A Study from the Hungry Steppes of Central Asia

Large expansion of the irrigated area in the Aral Sea Basin has exacted a substantial toll on land and water resources in the region. Elevated water tables associated with poor irrigation management and inappropriate drainage infrastructure have resulted in significant secondary salinisation of crop lands resulting in declining cotton and wheat yields and eventual abandonment of lands. Costs associated with the installation of appropriate drainage infrastructure in order to reclaim these areas are prohibitive and hence alternative approaches are required that can be adopted by resource poor farmers. In the current study the potential use of Glycyrrhiza glabra (common name liquorice) to reclaim abandoned saline areas was assessed over a four year period before being returned to a cotton/wheat crop rotation. Two adjacent abandoned fields of 10 and 13 ha respectively were selected for the study on which two treatments were imposed, namely, a control that was maintained as a bare fallow between 1999 and 2003 and a treated plot where liquorice was established over this period. High quality livestock forage with a protein content of 12% was cut from the liquorice plot with dry matter yields ranging from 3.66 (±0.06) to 5.11 (±0.17) t ha^?1. In addition, root dry matter yields of 5.63 (±1.19) to 8.55 (±0.82) t ha^?1 were recorded, this plant component being used in the preparation of herbal medicines and soft drinks. At the end of four years both plots were returned to a wheat and cotton crop rotation. Yields of wheat on the control and treated plots were 0.87 (±0.05) and 2.42 (±0.02) t ha^?1 respectively. Similarly substantial increases in cotton were observed with the control and treated plots yielding 0.31 (±0.01) and 1.89 (±0.18) t ha^?1. These levels of production on the treated plot exceed the district average for wheat and cotton of 1.75 and 1.5 t ha^?1 respectively, clearly showing the positive benefit associated with the growing of liquorice. Water table levels after four years were maintained below the critical level of 2.5 m in the treated plots whilst rising to within 1.99 m from the surface in the control. Salt content of the soil in the treated plot declined over the study while those in the control increased. This preliminary study has clearly demonstrated the ameliorating affect of liquorice in bringing abandoned salt affected soils back into production that is low cost and could be adopted by resource poor farmers.     

甘草SRAP-PCR正交试验设计优化及引物筛选

为了建立甘草SRAP技术,采用四因素(Taq酶,Mg~(2+),dNTP,引物)四水平的正交试验设计[L16(44)]对甘草进行SRAP-PCR试验,电泳结果采用软件SPSS分析,退火温度和引物筛选采用单因子试验。结果发现,4种因素对甘草SRAP-PCR的影响依次为dNTPTaq酶Mg~(2+)引物;优化后的甘草SRAP-PCR体系(20μL)为1×PCR缓冲液,引物0.6μmol/L,Mg~(2+)2.5mmol/L,Taq酶1.5U,dNTP 0.3mmol/L,模板DNA 40ng;最佳的退火温度为50℃;81对引物中有22对扩增出明亮、清晰的谱带。该优化的SRAP-PCR反应体系为进行甘草资源遗传分析提供了技术支持。