On the curvature of the reporting function from objective reality to subjective feelings

I suggest the idea of a reporting function, r(.), from reality to feelings. The ‘happiness’ literature claims we have demonstrated diminishing marginal utility of income. I show not, and that knowing r(.)'s curvature is crucial. A quasi-experiment on heights is studied.     

三江平原小叶章种群构件的功能动态

小叶章分株高度的季节动态：典型草甸和沼泽化草甸在8月末均达到最大值,沼泽在7月末达到最大值,而后缓慢下降。小叶章种群茎构件和叶构件生物量的季节动态在三个生境中均表现出较一致的变化规律,均自5月末开始,各生境的数量性状逐渐增加,至7月末达到最大值,而后逐渐下降,呈抛物线型。三个生境小叶章分株F/C值均具有相似季节变化趋势。其极大值均出现在7月末,但三个生境之间亦有明显差异, F/C值的整体水平表现为沼泽>沼泽化草甸>典型草甸,其极大值、极小值亦反映出此规律。     

钢筋砼构件双向弯曲时砼受压区高度的计算

根据钢筋砼受弯构件的受力性能，采用相应的假设，并利用叠加原理和截面的应力应变关系，得出了双向弯曲时构件的砼受压区高度的计算方法，与现有的算法比较，有较好的效果。     

城市住宅高度形态的合理选择研究

本文首先对住宅高度形态的研究现状进行回顾及分析,对住宅高度形态的选择标准进行深入分析,并对三种住宅高度类型,即低层、多层和高层住宅的优缺点进行分析比较,得出城市住宅高度形态合理选择的结论是:低层住宅是最适合人类居住的住宅形态,多层住宅次之,高层住宅是最不适合人类居住的住宅形态,然后以日本、英国和德国为例,对这一结论进行...     

Government decisions before and during the First World War and the living standards in Germany during a drastic natural experiment

The First World War hit Germany severely, particularly the agricultural sector, because the outbreak came unexpected and its duration exceeded all expectations. Many resources necessary for agricultural production were required by the war economy and led to shortages and shrinking supplies. Many agricultural laborers were drafted and the blockade imposed by the allies prevented Germany from a great deal of imports. As a consequence, the nutritional situation was devastating, particularly after 1916, and hit all groups of the German society.The period under observation provides one of most drastic natural experiments in the 20th century. This study uses anthropometric data from German soldiers who served in the Second World War to trace living standards between the 1900s and the 1920s. In contrast to other approaches, this paper is able to distinguish between social groups by occupation, religious denominatio\n, regional origin, and city size. The results suggest that although all social strata were hit by famine conditions, the height of farmers, urban citizens, Catholics, and especially individuals born in the highly integrated food-import regions along the coast and the banks of the Rhine declined most.     

Evolution of living standards and human capital in China in the 18-20th centuries: Evidences from real wages, age-heaping, and anthropometrics

This article mobilizes and integrates both existing and new time series data on real wages, physical heights and age-heaping to examine the long-term trend of living standards and human capital for China during the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. Our findings confirm the existence of a substantial gap in living standards between China and North-western Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They also reveal a sustained decline in living standards and human capital at least in South China from the mid-nineteenth century followed by a recovery in the early twentieth century. However, comparative examination of age-heaping data shows that the level of Chinese human capital was relatively high by world standard during this period. We make a preliminary exploration of the historical implication of our findings.     

Socioeconomic Effects on the Stature of Nineteenth-Century US Women

Using a new source of nineteenth-century state prison records and robust statistics, this study contrasts the effects of social conditions on the stature of comparable African American and white women during the economic development of the United States. Across the stature distribution, Great Lakes, Plains, and Southern women were taller than women with other US and international nativities. Women from the Northeast and Middle Atlantic were the shortest within the US, but were taller than British and European immigrants. White women were consistently taller than black women. Stature also varied over time with industrialization and emancipation. Across the stature distribution, women in outdoor, unskilled occupations were taller than women in indoor, skilled occupations. These results show that US women's average statures reflect net nutritional conditions that are not available in traditional measures of economic well-being.     

LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF HUMAN GROWTH AND HEALTH: A REVIEW OF RECENT HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Abstract This paper reviews recent literature using stature and weight as measures of human welfare with a particular interest in cliometric or historical research. We begin with an overview of anthropometric evidence of living standards and the new but fast‐growing field of anthropometric history. This literature is always implicitly and often explicitly longitudinal in nature. We then discuss (i) systematic empirical research into the relationship between conditions in early life and later life health and mortality and (ii) historical evidence on the relationship between body mass, morbidity and mortality. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of historical sources and understandings to health economics and population health.