森林生态效益价值会计核算研究

森林生态效益是有价值的无形资产,这些价值不仅可以计量,而且应作为会计核算的对象。随着人们日益关注环境问题,营林企业应该将纳入企业会计核算的范围。本文着重研究了不同性质的营林企业如何进行森林生态效益价值的会计核算。     

Socioeconomic predictors of forest use values in the Peruvian Amazon: A potential tool for biodiversity conservation

Conservation is a crisis discipline requiring rapid action with limited funds. This study examines the potential of socioeconomic variables to predict forest use values. If natural resource use can be predicted from socioeconomic data, conservation planners could rapidly identify and focus conservation programs on the sectors of local populations that most intensively utilize local flora and fauna. Families in three communities in the northern Peruvian Amazon were surveyed over a 6-month period. Data were collected on use of flora and fauna from six locally determined use categories (food, medicine and poisons, wood, weavings, adornments, and “other”) in forest types of three age classes (fallow fields—very young forests, young secondary forests, and old secondary forests). Forest use values were the dependant variables calculated in $/ha/year. Socioeconomic variables included: age, education, family size, residence time, land worked, land owned, number of fishing nets, chickens, pigs, cows, and/or mules owned (all proxies for productive assets), and level of ecological knowledge (ability of informants to correctly identify forest species and answer basic questions about their biology). Ordinary least square multiple regressions were run independently for each forest type. Regressions were also run separately for the two most valuable use categories, food and wood. Low R² adjusted values (all < 0.3) reflect the difficulty in predicting human behavior due to confounding variables and complex interactions. Residence time and a household's community of residence were the most significant predictors of forest use values. Households in Vista Alegre, the community with the highest density of people and smallest landholdings per household, extracted the highest value of forest products per hectare. The longer a family stayed in any community the higher the value of forest goods they extracted. If families that lived in an area longest are the most intensive extractors of forest products, they should be a major focus for conservation programming. In addition, the higher value of products extracted from forests by some families may make them more open to strategies seeking to protect long-term viability of the resources they utilize. The importance of residence time also indicates that planners need to account for changes in the resource use patterns of stakeholders over time.     

湖南森林旅游开发与森林公园保护

“回归大自然,走进大森林”是当今世界旅游业的新时尚,也预示了湖南省未来森林旅游的良好前景,本文阐述了湖南省开展森林旅游的资源条件和森林公园的发展概况,探讨了森林公园旅游开发的指导思想、原则、目标、重点和对策,并针对森林公园在旅游开发过程中存在的问题,提出了保护的具体措施。     

从集群制造到集群创新的典型案例分析——以张江高科技园区为例

集群制造与集群创新分别代表着产业集群发展的不同阶段，从集群制造发展到集群创新是中国当前和今后相当长的一段历史时期内，国家高新区发展所面临的重大而迫切的现实问题。本文以张江高科技园区为例。对这一问题进行了案例式探讨。分析表明，张江高科技园区三大高端主导产业集群产业链条比较完善，网络集聚特征鲜明并已具备了较为强大的集群制造功能；集群制造也促进了创新要素的快速集聚，产业集群的创新能力得以初步显现。但总体上看，三大主导产业集群的集群制造功能仍然是其主要特征，在向集群创新功能转化的过程中尚存在着一系列突出问题。     

公众参与城市绿色空间管理维护 ——以坦纳斯普瑞公园为例

“公众参与”广泛应用于以美国为代表的西方现代景观规划设计领域。随着社会的发展在美国等国相继出现“公众参与”城市绿色空间管理维护的趋势，人们逐渐意识到管理维护对城市绿色空间的重要性。以美国波特兰市坦纳斯普瑞公园为典型案例，通过实地调查、文献研究、访谈、归纳推理等研究方法，从公园建设背景、设计特色出发，回顾“公众参与”前管理维护的困境，阐述“朋友和伙伴”项目的发展历程、工作内容及成效，总结“公众参与”后期维护管理的意义，分析成功推行的原因。“公众参与”有助于解决目前中国城市公园管理维护面临的投入资金不足、游人素质偏低等问题，对未来城市公园管理工作的发展具有重要启示意义。     

生态工业园建设在日本的实践及其启示

本文主要是考察了日本两个生态工业园即荏原生态工业园和小久保生态工业园的建设。这两个生态工业园的建设各有特点。通过对这两个工业园的考察，得出如下结论：（1）企业自发的参与对生态工业园的建设起着重要作用；（2）政府应建立相关制度促进生态工业园的建立；（3）建立生态工业园，合作是必不可少的要素；（4）生态工程技术是生态工业园成功的关键。     

A landscape approach for assessing the biodiversity value of indigenous forest remnants: Case study of the Manawatu/Wanganui region of New Zealand

To halt the decline of biodiversity in New Zealand, the government has formulated a strategy of maintaining and restoring a full range of remaining natural habitats to a healthy functioning state. Many indigenous forest remnants exist on private land, and these could be utilised to increase biodiversity. Resources for conservation of forest remnants are limited, so they must be used wisely to deliver the greatest possible biodiversity gain. This paper presents a rapid method for valuing the biodiversity of a region's indigenous forest remnants to help prioritise conservation resources. The region is divided into environmentally distinct areas called land environments. A detailed land-cover map is derived from satellite imagery and used to estimate the proportion of natural habitats remaining in each land environment; from this the biodiversity value of any forest remnant may be calculated. The method is rapid and does not require detailed biodiversity information. When combined with conservation costs, it may be used to create a priority list of forest remnants for conservation. The Manawatu/Wanganui region of New Zealand is used as a case study to demonstrate the method.     

基于竞争优势的武汉东湖高新区建设和发展模式研究

以迈克尔·波特"钻石理论"为基础,分析提出建设区位、密切与上游机构的联系、营造创新环境、与城市区域融合构筑城市、区域"技术极"是增强高新区竞争优势的关键要素和发展模式之所在,并以此对武汉东湖高新区的建设和发展模式进行了分析,提出了发展建议。     

实施企业生态工程,促进循环经济的发展

继工业文明后,生态文明是一种正在生成的发展的文明范式,它是人类文明发展的又一个新的高级阶段。而实施企业生态工程,发展循环经济,是构建生态文明,实现工业与经济社会良性发展的重要途径。这要求在宏观上发展循环经济加快产业生态化,构建工业企业实施生态工程的动力机制及其政策,在微观上建设生态工业园区推进工业企业实施生态工程的实施。     

我国化工园区循环经济发展路径探讨——以重庆长寿化工园区为例

以重庆长寿化工园区为例,阐述了循环经济理念在化工园区的应用,在分析长寿化工园区循环经济发展态势的基础上,提出了园区的发展思路及加快园区循环经济发展的对策建议,以此为其他化工园区发展提供参考。