我国生态工业园区的建设、发展与完善——基于烟台开发区生态工业园区发展状况的调查分析

本文通过对烟台开发区生态工业园区发展现状与建设经验的调查分析,指出树立科学发展观,发展循环经济,建立促进循环经济发展的法律法规体系和科学的评价指标体系,有利于推动我国生态工业园区的发展与完善,对指导和发展我国生态工业园区有特别重要的意义。     

Reducing visitor car use in a protected area: a market segmentation approach to achieving behaviour change

This research uses a market segmentation approach to reducing transport-related environmental burdens from visitors, while maintaining economic benefit. The approach was tested in the Lake District National Park (UK). It aimed first to explore visitor transport behaviour using a social psychological framework, to understand what might best predict desired behaviour change (i.e. reduced visitor car use). Second, it developed and tested different types of marketing messages to reduce car use, based on persuasive communication theory, establishing marketing propositions appropriate to different visitor types and market segments. Third, it identified market segments with both a high propensity towards positive behavioural change and the highest economic contribution to the destination. The work is based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour and on persuasive communication. Three hundred and ninety completed questionnaires were obtained. The paper emphasises the importance of context in successful communication to influence behaviour and shows that a market segmentation approach to behavioural change can be successful. Complex patterns of visitor mobility and modal choice emerge. For example “New Explorers” and “Familiar Families” are most likely to reduce their car use (45% and 48% respectively) and less likely to perceive this as difficult.     

生态工业园的协调发展度评价研究——以大连经济技术开发区生态工业园区为例

生态工业园是为响应我国可持续发展要求而建立、基于循环经济理论和产业生态学原理的一种新型工业园区。本研究通过构建生态工业园经济、资源、环境与社会复合系统的评价指标体系,采用经济社会发展与资源环境协调发展度评价模型,并根据协调发展度等级标准,分析评价了大连经济技术开发区生态工业园区2001—2010年经济社会与资源环境协调发展度。     

我国大学科技园发展现状与对策建议

随着知识经济的飞速发展,大学科技园受到越来越多的关注,成为许多国家新的经济增长点,然而在我国由于大学所有制和市场竞争体制的影响,大学科技园在实际建设中遇到许多新问题。本文通过对国内外大学科技园运营状况进行对比,指出了我国在发展大学科技园过程中所遇到的问题和产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决建议。     

Elicitation of Expert Opinion in Benefit Transfer of Environmental Goods

Benefit transfer is a method for estimating the value of environmental goods that involves the use of past information on identical or similar goods. This paper considers the extent to which benefit transfer can be based on prior distributions elicited from expert opinion. We propose two alternative methods to elicit the parameters of a prior distribution from experts on environmental valuation. An experiment is carried out on the value of National Parks in Spain. The results from the elicited distributions are compared with the information provided by onsite samples of visitors. The results indicate that individual experts made different predictions about the potential value of the policy areas that were diverse and unable to accurately predict the value for each policy site. However, the average across the elicited distributions approaches the estimated distribution with empirical data and accurately predicts the relative values for the two policy sites considered.     

基于网状产业链的数字内容产业园区协同创新研究

产业园区是我国数字内容产业发展的重要载体,面对产业创新不足的现状,如何通过跨界整合创新资源,集众园区之力形成整体产业优势,是实现我国数字内容产业发展面临的现实问题。基于对数字内容产业链网状结构的分析,讨论了园区企业跨界协同创新行为,并从微观延伸至中观,关注园区整体,研究了数字内容产业园区协同创新的4类模式,最后,结合我国现状提出了产业发展政策、集群发展政策及园区企业发展战略的相关建议。     

基于共生理论的大学科技园集群创新能力研究

共生合作创新是产业集群创新能力提升的有效途径。从共生理论出发,定性分析大学科技园多种产业共生创新能力的主要关键因子为高新技术企业、创新环境、多种产业间的合作共生与竞争等;采用定量化研究手段,探究大学科技园集群共生模式下创新能力与4个关键因子间的函数关系,并给出相应的数学模型;最后通过实例验证模型的有效性、合理性,为大学科技园集群创新理论的微观机理研究奠定一定理论基础。     

科技园区发展的竞争力评价研究——基于苏州、无锡科技园区的实证分析

我国科技园区众多,将有限的创新资源优化配置到竞争力强的科技园区就显得尤为重要。选取了宏观环境、基础设施和管理运营3个方面,共13项竞争力因素作为评价科技园区竞争力的指标体系,运用层次分析法和专家评分法对苏州、无锡地区的5家科技园区进行竞争力实证分析,为科学地评价科技园区竞争力提供了有益的借鉴。     

Park Usage,Social Milieu,and Psychosocial Benefits of Park Use Reported by Older Urban Park Users from Four Ethnic Groups

Structured interviews were conducted with African-American, Hispanic-American, Asian-American and Caucasian-American park users (N = 463) during one of their visits to a large urban park. The participants varied from 55 to 93 years of age. Most (77%) of the interviews were conducted by interviewers of the same ethnicity as the interviewee, and interviews were conducted in Spanish or Chinese when that was the preferred language of the interviewee. A stratified quota sampling plan was established to ensure that interviews were conducted in all areas of the park, at all times of the day and on both weekdays and weekends. Preliminary analyses indicated that neither gender nor age differences accounted for a meaningful percent of the variance in the dependent variables. Consequently, chi-square analyses and analyses of variance were performed with ethnicity as the independent variable. Significant differences were found among the ethnic groups in their use of park facilities, the social milieu within which they visit the park, and their ratings of the psychosocial benefits of park use.     

Sustainability perspectives on Oulanka National Park,Finland: mixed methods in tourism research

This paper positions mixed methods as a complement to traditional qualitative and quantitative research. It provides an example of conducting mixed methods research by analysing the sociocultural sustainability of tourism as perceived by local stakeholders nearby Oulanka National Park in north-eastern Finland. Semi-structured interviews were linked concurrently to survey data from the same respondents. First, four discourses were identified based on 40 interviews with respondents about tourism development pertinent to the Protected Area Network (PAN) Parks international certification. Second, the differences between the representatives of the discourses were examined using non-parametric statistics. Results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis supplemented each other. The survey results supported the identification of four discourses and provided information about the representatives using the discourses. The discourse groups differed according to length of residence in the area, distance from the park, gender, employment in tourism, familiarity with PAN Parks, benefit from PAN Parks status, belief in the benefits of PAN Parks, satisfaction with tourism and park development, importance of the environmental dimension and satisfaction with various dimensions of sustainability. The study demonstrates that a better understanding of a problem may be acquired by using a mix of survey methods and interviews.