A toolbox for garden governance

A substantial fraction of the open space in (peri-) urban and rural areas is covered by domestic gardens which support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Although individually they may look insignificant, the aggregation of domestic gardens and of gardening actions can be significant. Referring to ‘the tyranny of small decisions’, we launch the concept of a ‘resource by small gardening actions’: the positive cumulative outcome of individual garden owners adopting pro-environmental gardening practices. Using qualitative research, we gained a thorough insight into the barriers and levers related to the development of domestic gardens as a ‘resource by small gardening actions’. By combining the data from expert interviews with a design workshop addressing garden and landscape architects, and focus groups with private garden owners, we identified eight barriers and nine levers. These levers are part of a ‘mix and match’ toolbox, allowing the development of tailor-made strategies for garden governance. These insights increase the understanding on if and how private actors and their properties could become part of policy plans to support ecosystem services. This adds to the global understanding of the strategic value of daily-life landscapes that exist all over the world.     

浅谈中日古典园林艺术

采用对比分析的方法,阐述中日古典园林形成差异的原因,对两国园林类型分类叙述,最后通过造园五大要素展开比较,进一步了解中日古典园林艺术的异同及各自的优秀品质。     

对临沧茶文化风情园旅游发展的思考

临沧茶文化风情园虽然拥有丰富的旅游资源,但在旅游发展过程中仍存在许多问题。其旅游业管理和从业人员有必要更新观念,创新机制,制定行之有效的发展策略,以实现可持续发展。     

中西古典园林艺术审美特征简述

由于中西文化的差别特别是在思想方式上的差异,造成了中西古典园林艺术在审美特征上的不同。本文采用对比方法,通过中国园林建筑与西方园林建筑的相比,从中找出了各自具有的鲜明艺术特征及其东西方园林艺术的差异。     

The value of plant genetic diversity to resource-poor farmers in Nepal and Vietnam

Genetic resources for food and agriculture are the biological basis of world food and nutrition security; and they directly or indirectly support the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people. Genetic diversity gives a species or a population the ability to adapt to changing environments. For resource-poor farmers, adaptive animal breeds, crop varieties and cultivars adapted to particular micro-niches, stresses or uses are the main resources available to maintain or increase production and provide a secure livelihood. The economic value of genetic diversity for productivity and yield traits is discussed in the literature. However, it is difficult to value many other aspects of agricultural biodiversity as these have both direct and indirect values in terms of qualitative traits such as food, nutrition and environmental uses that include adaptation to low input conditions, co-adaptive complexes, yield stability and the consequent reduction of risk, specific niche adaptation, and in meeting socio-cultural needs. Together, the direct and indirect values of genetic resources for resource-poor farmers are expressed in a range of options in the form of the crop varieties and species they use for managing changing environments.

The value of genetic diversity to resource-poor farmers is seldom captured by markets or addressed by the international research agenda. This paper presents lessons learned from our work over 5–10 years in the Asia and Pacific Ocean (APO) region on participatory crop improvement, home gardens and on-farm management of agricultural biodiversity. The lessons illustrate how farmers adapt genetic resources to suit local environmental conditions. The paper focuses on the value of genetic diversity of selected crop species to meet people's food and other needs. Genetic diversity valued by resource-poor farmers is often maintained, selected and exchanged by local social seed networks. Identification of such genetic resources and their custodians is important if international agricultural research is to contribute to the reduction of poverty. The paper highlights some good practices from case studies that illustrate how such genetic resources could be exploited by informal research and development strategies or participatory plant breeding or for marketing value-added products.     

生态园林设计中的植物配置方案探索构建

随着社会经济发展,温室效应加剧,海平面上升,各种自然灾害频频发生,严重威胁着人类的生存与发展。生态园林作为城市生态环境系统中重要组成部分,对提升城市形象、强化低碳建设、实现人与自然和谐相处有着不可或缺的意义,尤其园林中的植物占有举足轻重的地位。笔者结合多年的工作经验,分析了植物在生态园林设计中的重要性,提出了园林植物配置相关方案,从而改善居住环境,提高人们的生活质量,实现城市生态系统良性循环发展。     

Community gardening and health-related benefits for a rural Victorian town

Community gardens are growing in popularity as a strategy to effectively deal with population health at a local level. There is a need to gather information about the health-related benefits of community gardens for people living in a rural locale. This paper discusses the health-related benefits of rural community gardens. We adopted a qualitative approach to examine these issues. Ten participants, eight females and two males, aged between 50 and 82, who have participated in a community garden located in South Gippsland, Victoria, for a minimum of 12 months, took part in this study. Semi-structured interviews that lasted between 30 and 60 min were conducted to explore the perspectives and lived experiences of the participants. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. We situate our discussion in this paper within the therapeutic landscape theory. Findings indicate that there is a range of health-related benefits associated with participation in rural community gardens, including physical, nutritional, social and psychological. Despite these benefits, the participants wished to see some improvements that could attract more people in rural areas to participate in community gardens. Given the paucity of research available regarding rural community gardens, future research should continue to develop an understanding of these rural sites, especially given the ever-growing popularity of community gardens Australia-wide.     

中国古典园林旅游解说系统改进——以苏州拙政园为例

古典园林是一种特殊的旅游景观,作为世界文化遗产的苏州拙政园,具有很高的艺术观赏价值、历史文化价值和科学价值。旅游解说系统在游客理解古典园林的丰富内涵和深远意境方面具有不可或缺的重要作用。借鉴国外比较成熟的理论成果,通过实地勘察、问卷调查和个别访谈,对拙政园的资源特色、受众特征以及媒介现状进行深入分析,指出存在的问题,并从3个方面提出进一步完善的方法和建议,以期帮助拙政园建立良好的解说系统,并对我国古典园林的旅游解说实践提供借鉴。     

民营科技园竞争力测度研究

我国民营科技园正在迅速崛起，通过建立其竞争力测度指标体系和选择竞争力测度方法，摸索出一条可以对民营科技园竞争力量化的办法，揭示影响民营科技园竞争力的主观和客观原因，为其他的研究提供基础。