沙地资源管理理论探析

作为脆弱生态系统可持续发展研究的重要内容，沙化土地资源管理逐渐引起人们的重视。沙化土地资源管理研究具有高度的综合性及横断学科的特点，文章以沙地资源产业化、资产化、自然资源核算、生态经济系统的能值分析、承载力分析、管理政策的完善等为中心的生态经济管理研究，旨在探讨与揭示资源管理的有效手段，并为实现沙地资源可持续发展提供科学的理论依据。     

浅析资本弱化与外资避税

随着现代资本结构理论的发展,国内外企业都在学习如何在实务中对其加以灵活应用,使企业价值最大化.资本弱化就是这样一种应用,其目的在于企业通过资本结构安排,改变其纳税义务,起到避税的作用.目前,来自发达国家的外资企业在这一避税手法的使用上已达到了十分成熟的阶段,再加上我国现行税制框架尚未对资本弱化进行识别、规范和控制,造成了我国大量的税收利益流失.另外,在我国已逐渐认识到问题的紧迫性的情况下,如何进行监管和控制也是一个很大的技术难题.     

关于智力资本出资的法学思考

智力资本是智力资源资本化的成果,是知识经济时代企业的核心竞争力。智力资本与股本具有同质性,可以作为资本出资。但是智力资本出资目前还存在制度上的障碍,包括立法上我国尚未承认智力资本,智力资本的会计核算存在诸多困难等。要改变这种状况,必须突破传统的“资本”概念的外延,提升智力资本的价值。     

Capitalization versus Expensing: Evidence on the Uncertainty of Future Earnings from Capital Expenditures versus R&D Outlays

We propose and implement a new method to estimate the relation between R&D investments and the uncertainty of future benefits from those investments. The empirical analysis compares the relative contributions of current investments in R&D and PP&E to future earnings variability using a sample of roughly 50,000 firm-year observations from 1972–1997. Evidence is strongly consistent with the hypothesis that R&D investments generate future benefits that are far more uncertain than benefits from investments in PP&E. Our results should help the current discussion on accounting for R&D and the methodology might be helpful in standard setting in other contexts as well.     

Financial Insecurity in a World of Plenty

Abstract

The U.S. economy is addicted to the simulative impacts of household borrowing. Household debt has grown dramatically since the 1990s and has served to mitigate the detrimental effects of stagnant household wages. The accumulation of this debt has also had the macroeconomic impact of stimulating the economy, pushing it closer towards full employment. However does full employment stimulated by household indebtedness actually represent economic progress? It is argued that even the poorest citizen in a modern industrialized society is better off than a king of feudal Europe, yet in the United States such material prosperity is often tied to social insecurity thanks to debt. The growth of this debt has been enabled by a financial system that has evolved dramatically over the past forty years. The U.S. financial system’s primary role is no longer to finance investment but is rather a tool that enables a separation of ownership from use. Debt has fueled corporate profits which have enriched the shareholding class while at the same time the system has reduced the financial security of the majority of workers. This article crystalizes these issues by analyzing the differentials in financial circumstances faced by workers and shareholders in several major U.S. firms.     

Development costs capitalization and debt financing

This study investigates debt market effects of research and development (R&D) costs capitalization, using a global sample of public bonds and private syndicated loans issued by public non‐financial firms. Firstly, we show that firms capitalize larger amounts of R&D in a year when they exhibit a propensity for issuing bonds, rather than borrowing funds privately from the syndicated loan market, in the subsequent year. Secondly, we provide evidence that capitalized R&D investments reduce the cost of debt. We infer that debt market participants are able to identify firms’ motives for R&D capitalization, as we find a reduction in the cost of debt only for those firms that do not show indications of employing R&D capitalization for earnings management reasons. Indeed, only for this sub‐sample of firms, the amount of capitalized R&D contributes positively to future earnings. We confirm that R&D capitalization is positively associated with audit fees and thus can be deemed to be a signaling device. Lastly, we find that it is the amount of R&D a firm is expected to capitalize and not the discretionary counterparts, which facilitates a firm's access to public debt markets, reduces bond and syndicated loan prices, and contributes to future benefits.     

关于完善现行土地制度的若干思考

土地制度是反映人与人、地与人之间关系的重要制度,本文通过与传统土地制度的对比分析,提出了一些完善现行土地制度的建议,如赋予农民完整的土地权能,完善农民进城定居中的土地权利实现机制,建立地产交易市场,鼓励集体经济组织之间农用性质的土地产权交易,试行国家对集体土地产权的收购政策等。     

基于收益还原法的住宅用地使用权续期定价模式研究

本文以土地使用费的内涵分析为切入点,运用马克思地租理论分析了我国土地定价的发展历程和趋势;以此为基础,从制度层面提出了城镇住宅用地使用权续期定价模式的框架,并以此为依据,着重分析了收益还原法在住宅用地使用权续期定价中的运作过程,为土地使用权续期定价体系的完善与发展提供了新的思路与方法。     

农村土地资本化运作有关问题探析

现阶段农村资源的大量闲置和低水平利用,已成为制约我国农业经济进一步发展和提高农业劳动生产率的严重障碍.土地,作为农业最基本的资源,其资本化运作显得尤其重要与必要.农村土地的资本化运作主要有三种形式:承包租赁型、产权(经营权)拍卖型和股份合作型.在农村土地资本化运作过程中应着力解决的问题是:加强认识,调整思路;深化农村土地制度的改革,加快农村剩余劳动力的转移;加大农业投入力度以及完善农业风险机制等.     

海峡两岸居民财产资本化之金融机制探讨

以居民为市场主体,以居民财产资本化为视角,着重探讨财产资本化进程中金融机制的铺垫、推动、保障作用,并将海峡东西两岸的金融机制加以比照对鉴,从中发现有益的历史教训和现实经验,为两岸金融合作,推动居民财产资本化及财产收入增长提供有益的对策思路。