Cooperative conversion and communalization: Closely observed interactions between the material and the mental

Various authors, including Elinor Ostrom, have shown that the legal form of a cooperative has many of the characteristics of a Common. Here we focus on cooperative conversion, through which conventional enterprises become labor‐managed firms (LMFs), viewing it dynamically as a communalization process. These processes are addressed in the light of a field survey carried out in France, looking at six firms involved in cooperative conversion. The changes entailed are two‐dimensional, both material and mental. This is visible, for example, when finding the capital to mount an LMF: members of the workforce must draw on their own funds; they must also believe in the project. Through our empirical observations we highlight the obstacles in the way of forming an LMF. In particular participants must undertake a work of negotiation hinging on stakes marked by the two, largely inseparable dimensions. Ultimately we query the ethic brought into play in the collective action of constituting a Common. Specifically, individuals must contribute to a collective action underpinned by principles of self‐governance, or commoning, the rock on which the Common rests. A key finding of our study is to demonstrate that a Common can only be successfully created if the constituent processes are consistent with the overall goal. In other words the manner in which we travel is inseparable from our final destination; otherwise we shall surely lose our way.     

Do Fundamentals Explain the Behaviour of the Swedish Real Effective Exchange Rate?

This study examines the long‐run relationship between the real effective exchange rate and its fundamental determinants, and derives a real effective equilibrium exchange rate for the Swedish krona. Our results indicate that the krona was severely overvalued in late 1992, when the fixed exchange rate regime was abandoned. By the end of 2000 the krona was undervalued by approximately 5 percent, given the prevailing economic conditions. Arithmetic examples of suitable SEK/EUR conversion rates are calculated under various assumptions to provide a guideline if Sweden were to adopt the euro in the future.     

全低变工艺开发应用中的问题与对策

讨论了全低变工艺开发过程中遇到的一些问题和对策,对中、小氮肥企业进行技术改造具有一定的参考意义。     

刍议我国增值税转型

实行消费型增值税有利于加快企业发展,提升产品竞争力。目前我国已具备增值税转型条件,宜采用“一步到位”方式,但不宜提高税率。     

我国饭店管理者角色转换的理论分析与实施途径

从新世纪新形势下我国饭店管理者角色转换的背景分析入手，从管理学理论上阐述了管理者的角色定位，并探讨了我国饭店管理者的角色定位，在此基础之上，提出了我国饭店管理者角色转化中应该处理好的几种关系与实施途径。     

债券溢折价实际利率摊销法的再探讨

基于实际利率法的两项基本规定推论出债券溢折价摊销额、利息收入、债券投资账面价值的计算规律,据此认为实际利率法是一种集精确性与简便性为一体的摊销方法,并非会计界认为的二者不可兼得。     

科技成果推广转化特点及其绩效的评价方法

科技成果推广转化绩效评价对建立创新型国家有重要意义.本文论述了科技成果推广转化的特点及推广转化绩效的评价方法.建立了评价指标体系,特别提出了资源节约的评价指标并提出了该评价指标对创建节约型社会的重要意义.     

基于哈肯模型的高技术产业化过程机制研究

运用自组织理论和方法,在哈肯模型的基础上建立了高技术产业化过程的演化方程,并以北京、天津、上海、河北等29个省市为样本进行了定量化的实证研究。结果表明,研究开发投入强度是高技术产业化过程中的序参量,从而得出要依靠研究开发投入与高科技成果转化的协同作用促进高技术产业快速发展这一结论。     

美国大型企业制度的变迁与我国民营企业转型

从19世纪40年代到该世纪末,美国企业顺利完成了现代管理革命:所有权与经营权正式分离,职业经理人出现并日趋职业化。目前,我国的民营企业正在实施转型。本文以美国企业制度变迁的历史为鉴,并结合当时的政策与环境进行分析,最后给出了我国民营企业转型的思路。     

平衡膳食模式视角下粮食需求预测

[目的]随着时代的进步和社会经济的发展,对粮食安全内涵的理解也在逐步深化,粮食安全内涵不仅包括数量方面,还包括营养健康安全,保障居民营养健康成为粮食安全的新时代内涵。基于营养目标的粮食需求研究,建立营养—消费—生产的粮食生产模式,对引导居民合理健康消费和保障粮食安全具有十分重要的意义。[方法]文章首先分析了我国城乡居民营养消费状况,然后基于平衡膳食模式视角,引入标准人消费系数这一概念对我国未来粮食需求进行了更准确的预测。[结果]城镇居民粮食消费已达到高营养目标,但目前农村居民仅达到低营养目标水平,相当于21世纪初的城镇消费水平;考虑人口结构因素,2020年和2030年粮食需求总量分别为4.8亿t和5.6亿t,比没有考虑人口结构变化时分别减少8700万t和2 600万t。[结论]根据分析结果,提出以下几点政策建议:(1)宣传普及营养健康消费知识,引导居民合理膳食;(2)关注人口结构变动,及时调整粮食安全调控机制;(3)优化食品工业的产业机构升级,提高饲料粮转化率。