Simulated economic impacts in applied trade modelling: A comparison of tariff aggregation approaches

This paper assesses the performance of two recently developed tariff aggregators in reducing tariff aggregation bias by analysing Swiss beef market liberalisation scenarios. Specific relevant sources of bias are addressed: substitution effects on import demand, Tariff Rate Quotas and overprotection in tariffs. The aggregators are linked to a global large-scale partial equilibrium model and benchmarked against a standard aggregator. The choice of the aggregation method shows considerable effects on simulated economic impacts, specifically if the dispersion in tariffs or tariff cuts is large. A large bias is revealed in simulated gains from trade liberalisation using the standard aggregator. The impacts on traded quantities are found to be overestimated, while price and welfare effects can be higher or lower by switching to alternative aggregation methods. By reducing aggregation bias and depicting negotiated tariff schedules more directly, the proposed aggregators enhance the contribution of trade modelling to evidence-based policy making.     

关于实现渔村振兴的路径探索

党在十八大明确提出海洋强国建设,又在十九大进一步提出了具有里程碑意义的乡村振兴战略,实施乡村振兴战略是建设社会主义现代化强国的必由之路。渔业作为农业的重要组成部分,实现渔业渔村的振兴必能极大地推动海洋强国和乡村振兴的总体进程。新时代,应积极推进美丽渔村建设,促进渔业高质量发展,实现渔村振兴,为乡村振兴做出积极的贡献。本文主要分析了实现渔村振兴中所存在的一些问题,并对实现渔村振兴的路径进行了相关的探索,提出相关建议。     

渔文化旅游资源开发研究——以浙江省象山县为例

以具有中国渔文化之乡美誉的浙江省象山县为例,对渔文化旅游资源开发进行了探讨。象山渔文化是在历史发展过程中形成的,具有相对封闭性和兼容性、继承性和变革性、共同性和差异性、传统性与现代性等特征。通过实地考察和查阅相关资料,归纳和梳理了象山县渔文化旅游资源,并对旅游资源开发进行了地理位置优势、生态环境优势、客源市场优势和政策优势分析,最后提出了开发对策与建议。     

Tourists and traditional divers in a common fishing ground

We study socio-ecological models for a fishing ground open to tourists. On Jeju Island, Korea, women traditional divers called “Haenyeo” harvest resources in a common fishing ground. To investigate the impact of introducing tourists on the benefit to the fishing association and the resource level, we examine two models that differ in the way the number of tourists is controlled. In the first model, the fishing association charges an entrance fee to tourists and the level of the fee is chosen to regulate tourist number. In the second, only a part of the fishing ground is made open to tourists, and the fraction of the ground open is chosen to control the tourist number. In both models, the fishing association seeks to maximize its total benefit. Analysis shows that the way the number of tourists increases with the availability of resources strongly influences the distribution of benefits among the fishing ground stakeholders. Finally, we discuss policy implications of our results and how local government can reduce the risk of introducing tourism.     

Farmer Gone Fish'n? Swidden Decline and the Rise of Grouper Fishing on Palawan Island,the Philippines

Considerable research has focused on understanding how upland farmers adjust land‐based livelihoods to the influences of agrarian change in Southeast Asia. In the process, an ‘upland bias’ has emerged where researchers focus narrowly on the uplands as localities with distinct, coherent features, neglecting how families engage place, social relations and ethnicity as they access opportunities in proximate spaces. This paper considers how the Tagbanua – long considered an upland swidden people – have ‘stepped back’ from swidden agriculture due to declining yields and debt to harvest the lucrative grouper (e.g. Plectropomus leopardus). We show how Tagbanua families on Palawan Island have adjusted swidden as they negotiate social relations, ethnic cleavages and economic barriers to effectively engage the grouper industry. Rather than cast such farmers and fishers as ideal types in place, we argue that how they negotiate social relations creates new livelihood opportunities in varied environments, reinforcing the dynamic, recursive context of agrarian change.     

加强领导确保长江春季禁渔

长江渔业在我国有着特殊重要的地位,开展长江春季禁渔意义重大。各级政府应加强领导,深入细致地做好各项工作,确保长江流域首次春季禁渔顺利实施。     

霞水母资源亟待开发研究——浅论渔船捕捞与机械加工霞水母一体化技术的开发

随着海洋经济鱼类资源波动式持续下降,霞水母资源直线上升,呈现泛滥成灾之势。本文就启东市研制成功的陆上霞水母加工机械运用于渔船后,进行海上捕捞、加工霞水母一体化生产的可行性与必要性及亟待研究的有关问题作一浅论。     

渔港经济区产业集群发展研究

建设现代渔港经济区,对于当前拓展转产转业渔民的发展空间、构建渔业产业化平台、优化海洋产业结构具有深远意义,更是加快海洋经济步伐,全面建设小康社会的重要举措。以产业集群为基础发展渔港经济区有利于形成规模化优势、差异化优势以及相关产业"提升效应"优势。本文在分析这些优势的基础上,提出发展渔港经济区产业集群的几点措施,以期对今后渔港经济区产业集群的建设有一定的借鉴和促进意义,带动地区经济的繁荣。     

集体建设用地市场化进程：现实选择与理论思考

研究目的:现有文献对集体建设用地市场化改革的现实模式选择和路径演化归纳还相对薄弱。本文旨在基于观察不同类型集体建设用地(包括宅基地、经营性建设用地、公共基础设施用地以及征地)的市场化改革典型路径的基础上,探索不同模式在提升建设用地经济效率上殊途同归的共性规律,为城乡统一建设用地市场提供理论支撑。研究方法:案例分析与比较研究。研究结果:总结了本轮集体建用地市场化改革起点,刻画了宅基地、征地、统筹和入市4类市场化的典型模式或特殊现象,并对集体建设用地市场化规律做了初步探索。研究结论:集体建设用地市场化的现实路径是渐进式的"由点及面"的改革,现阶段改革创新需要关注三类收益分配问题,政府的规划和收益调节政策是地方探索市场化亟需的基础性规则,政府还应尽快对市场化中的各项权利开展立法工作。     

Effort optimisation in artisanal fisheries with multiple management objectives,collective quotas and heterogeneous fleets*

In this study, we analyse effort optimisation in common rights‐based joint‐stock artisanal fisheries when several objectives are pursued by the authorities and the fleets are heterogeneous. The purpose is to discuss policy options available to the authorities and their implications in terms of trade‐offs between goals. We apply a multi‐objective programming model to the sardine and anchovy artisanal fisheries in central southern Chile. The results suggest that the regulatory system generates inefficient solutions for profit and employment maximisation goals. Moreover, the fleet structure of the artisanal organisations is central for the outcomes obtained by different policy simulations. To improve effort assignment, the authorities should seek to increase flexibility in the system.