Post OPA-90 Vessel Oil Transfer Spill Prevention: The Effectiveness of Coast Guard Enforcement

Although oil spills from tanker accidents receive the most publicity, most vessel spills are not the result of accidents but of oil transfer activities. We investigate determinants of the size of vessel oil transfer spills as well as the effectiveness of Coast Guard enforcement activities in reducing their size. Vessel out-of-water and in-water oil transfer spillage functions are estimated utilizing tobit regression and detailed data on individual vessel oil transfer spills as well as Coast Guard safety/environmental enforcement activity data for the 1991–1995 period. Our estimation results suggest that Coast Guard hull but not machinery inspections are effective in reducing both out-of-water and in-water spills; patrols by air, but not by boat, are effective in reducing out-of-water spills; but neither is effective in reducing in-water spills. The results also show that the type of vessel (oil- and non-oil-cargo), vessel characteristics, vessel operations, weather/visibility conditions, and waterway type are determinants of post OPA-90 vessel oil transfer spills.     

关于实现渔村振兴的路径探索

党在十八大明确提出海洋强国建设,又在十九大进一步提出了具有里程碑意义的乡村振兴战略,实施乡村振兴战略是建设社会主义现代化强国的必由之路。渔业作为农业的重要组成部分,实现渔业渔村的振兴必能极大地推动海洋强国和乡村振兴的总体进程。新时代,应积极推进美丽渔村建设,促进渔业高质量发展,实现渔村振兴,为乡村振兴做出积极的贡献。本文主要分析了实现渔村振兴中所存在的一些问题,并对实现渔村振兴的路径进行了相关的探索,提出相关建议。     

渔文化旅游资源开发研究——以浙江省象山县为例

以具有中国渔文化之乡美誉的浙江省象山县为例,对渔文化旅游资源开发进行了探讨。象山渔文化是在历史发展过程中形成的,具有相对封闭性和兼容性、继承性和变革性、共同性和差异性、传统性与现代性等特征。通过实地考察和查阅相关资料,归纳和梳理了象山县渔文化旅游资源,并对旅游资源开发进行了地理位置优势、生态环境优势、客源市场优势和政策优势分析,最后提出了开发对策与建议。     

射线底片的影像特征对压力容器制造单位质量管理体系运行的指导意义

压力容器产品的制造国家实施强制性的、法定的监督检验制度,在监督检验过程中通过对RT底片的审查,利用RT底片的影像特征来纵观产品制造所采用的焊接方法及整休焊接质量,可以判断产品焊接试板的数量是否满足法规、标准的要求,是否完全执行了焊接工艺,是否严格按返修的程序对缺陷进行返修等,从RT底片这一个点来纵观质量管理体系这个面,从而可以找出质量管理体系运行中的薄弱环节,使压力容器制造单位的质量管理体系能够保持正常、有效的运转,从源头上确保压力容器产品的制造质量。     

Tourists and traditional divers in a common fishing ground

We study socio-ecological models for a fishing ground open to tourists. On Jeju Island, Korea, women traditional divers called “Haenyeo” harvest resources in a common fishing ground. To investigate the impact of introducing tourists on the benefit to the fishing association and the resource level, we examine two models that differ in the way the number of tourists is controlled. In the first model, the fishing association charges an entrance fee to tourists and the level of the fee is chosen to regulate tourist number. In the second, only a part of the fishing ground is made open to tourists, and the fraction of the ground open is chosen to control the tourist number. In both models, the fishing association seeks to maximize its total benefit. Analysis shows that the way the number of tourists increases with the availability of resources strongly influences the distribution of benefits among the fishing ground stakeholders. Finally, we discuss policy implications of our results and how local government can reduce the risk of introducing tourism.     

Farmer Gone Fish'n? Swidden Decline and the Rise of Grouper Fishing on Palawan Island,the Philippines

Considerable research has focused on understanding how upland farmers adjust land‐based livelihoods to the influences of agrarian change in Southeast Asia. In the process, an ‘upland bias’ has emerged where researchers focus narrowly on the uplands as localities with distinct, coherent features, neglecting how families engage place, social relations and ethnicity as they access opportunities in proximate spaces. This paper considers how the Tagbanua – long considered an upland swidden people – have ‘stepped back’ from swidden agriculture due to declining yields and debt to harvest the lucrative grouper (e.g. Plectropomus leopardus). We show how Tagbanua families on Palawan Island have adjusted swidden as they negotiate social relations, ethnic cleavages and economic barriers to effectively engage the grouper industry. Rather than cast such farmers and fishers as ideal types in place, we argue that how they negotiate social relations creates new livelihood opportunities in varied environments, reinforcing the dynamic, recursive context of agrarian change.     

加强领导确保长江春季禁渔

长江渔业在我国有着特殊重要的地位,开展长江春季禁渔意义重大。各级政府应加强领导,深入细致地做好各项工作,确保长江流域首次春季禁渔顺利实施。     

霞水母资源亟待开发研究——浅论渔船捕捞与机械加工霞水母一体化技术的开发

随着海洋经济鱼类资源波动式持续下降,霞水母资源直线上升,呈现泛滥成灾之势。本文就启东市研制成功的陆上霞水母加工机械运用于渔船后,进行海上捕捞、加工霞水母一体化生产的可行性与必要性及亟待研究的有关问题作一浅论。     

渔港经济区产业集群发展研究

建设现代渔港经济区,对于当前拓展转产转业渔民的发展空间、构建渔业产业化平台、优化海洋产业结构具有深远意义,更是加快海洋经济步伐,全面建设小康社会的重要举措。以产业集群为基础发展渔港经济区有利于形成规模化优势、差异化优势以及相关产业"提升效应"优势。本文在分析这些优势的基础上,提出发展渔港经济区产业集群的几点措施,以期对今后渔港经济区产业集群的建设有一定的借鉴和促进意义,带动地区经济的繁荣。     

Modeling Overnight Recreation Trip Choice: Application of a Repeated Nested Multinomial Logit Model

In this paper we apply the repeated nested multinomial logit model, a version of a random utility model (RUM), to estimate the choice of an overnight versus single day recreation trip, along with the other usual choice of which of the sites to visit, and less typically, the choice of whether to participate (in our application – to fish) at all. We also find statistically significant income effects in the empirical results. The application is to Atlantic Salmon fishing and the data set is for Maine resident angler's fishing trips to rivers in Maine and Canada.