Machine learning for financial transaction classification across companies using character-level word embeddings of text fields

An important initial step in accounting is mapping financial transfers to the corresponding accounts. We devised machine-learning-based systems that automate this process. They use word embeddings with character-level features to process transaction texts. When considering 473 companies independently, our approach achieved an average top-1 accuracy of 80.50%, outperforming baselines that exclude the transaction texts or rely on a lexical bag-of-words text representation. We extended the approach to generalizes across companies and even across different corporate sectors. After standardization of the account structures and careful feature engineering, a single classifier trained on 44 companies from 28 sectors achieved a test accuracy of more than 80%. When trained on 43 companies and tested on the remaining one, the system achieved an average performance of 64.62%. This rate increased to nearly 70% when considering only the largest sector.     

试论生态林业系统的时空观

生态林业系统具有时间、空间两个序列的开发前景。长周期,大跨度的生态林业生产可以分解为复合的短周期方式,使生态意识与经济效益有机结合。空间组合的多层次立体开发有效地利用了光、热、水、土资源,并获得最大生物量;地域组合着眼宏观,注重研究大型骨干及网络性生态工程问题。     

完善公司制企业治理结构的思考

在分析公司制企业治理结构现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了国有企业通过改革,建立股东、债权人、经营者、员工等利益相关者多方合作的企业治理结构的目标模式,通过对企业经营者的激励与约束,确保国有资产保值增值。     

信息不对称对林产品经营影响的分析

探讨了信息不对称现象对林产品经营的影响问题,阐述了林产品市场信息不对称的内涵、基本表征、成因及其对林产品经营的具体影响,提出了林产品经营的新对策:一是加强林产品市场调研,充分掌握市场信息;二是注重林产品信息的传播与扩散;三是讲求诚信经营,努力培养商誉;四是积极实施林产品的标准化经营;五是大力推行林产品的认证经营。     

林产品市场模型文献综述

关于林产品市场的数量研究开始于上个世纪50年代。早期的研究主要以时间序列数据为主。近几十年来,由于经济理论在林产品市场模型中的应用,模型估计方法的改进,以及详细数据的获得,林产品市场模型越来越完善。文章对近几十年来出现的主要建模方法,及其应用作一回顾,并对这些方法的优缺点作简单的比较。     

国外历史街区的保护

概述了联合国教科文组织和发达国家在历史街区保护的立法、行政管理、公众参与及资金筹集等方面的做法和经验;分析了城市建设与历史遗产保护之间的关系;认为二者是互为联系,互相促进的,处理好这一关系,城市将得以协调发展.     

秦岭北麓森林公园生态旅游绿色营销策略研究

秦岭北麓是陕西省的生态安全屏障和水资源涵养地。当地森林公园开发过程中，由于行政管理者与开发权利主体错位以及盲目开发旅游项目等，导致生态环境破坏严重。秦岭北麓森林公园应采用绿色营销策略，包括采用绿色文化策略、绿色价格策略以及绿色产品等策略，开发生态旅游项目，形成当地经济效益、生态环境利益和旅游者需求三者的统一，实现当地旅游业的可持续发展。     

退耕还林（草）生态补偿实施现状与问题分析——以甘肃省定西市安定区为例

为了建立合理的国家生态补偿机制，了解现阶段生态补偿中存在的问题，我们运用PRA（Participatory rule appraisal）即参与性农村评估和传统的问卷调查相结合的方法，通过对研究区内生态建设补偿措施实施过程中的现状研究、问题分析，发现本区在实施退耕还林（草）生态补偿中的主要问题是仍然没有有效解决生态补偿的三个基本问题：补偿主体、补偿强度、补偿资金来源。生态补偿处于初级阶段，没有形成制度化、法律化，有必要在政策、法律层面建立比较完善的生态补偿机制。     

Study on the planning principles of urban forest

The urban forest is the main body for the urban forestry management. There are not unified rules and standards for the planning of the urban forest yet in China. This paper discusses the planning principles of the urban forest： the priority of the ecological function, the adaptation to local condilions, the optimization in the whole system, the mutual dependence of forest and city, the culturecontinuance and recreation satisfaction, sustainable development and operability, etc. This paper takes Changsha as an example to elaborate the planning principles of the urban forest. Firstly, Changsba urban forest ecosphere is composed of the eco-garden, the round-the-city forest belt, the ecological isolation belt, the green channel, the landscape of the rivers and streams, the forest park, the biodiversity reserve and the eco-forest in suburb area. It aims to make every kind of ecological essential factors organically merge into the complex city ecosystem to build an eco-city, to strengthen the connection of wide-open space with various habitats spots, to promote resident＇s accessibility, to perfect landscape ecology, and to make full use of the ecological function of urban forest. When we construct the urban forest, we must optimize the comprehensive benefit and make the urban forest structure and the layout in the best condition in order to buiM the harmonious green city for both man and nature to realize the whole optimization of the city system by the complex functions of the urban forest in ecology, environmental protection, landscape, recreation, etc.     

试析森林生态环境价值计量研究中的几种干扰因素

本文就目前影响在林生态环境价值计量研究的几个干扰因素进行剖析。其中主要包括森林生态环境难以进入市场的原因；在林生态环境资源并不是都重要计量；森林生态环境的价值既是哲学的价值也是经济学上的价值；森林的生态环境转移与它的价值转移没有实现统一；森林生态环境价值计量使用的概念需要明确和统一；在林生态环境资源的监测和统计；影子价格理论在森林生态环境价值计量中应用的合理性；森林生态环境资源生产的投入产出进行过程等问题。这些问题如果得到及时解决，将有助于在林生态环境计量的进一步研究。