Considering Aquacultural Externality in Coastal Land Allocation Decisions in India

Commercial aquaculture in India has come under attack for having caused negative agricultural and environmental impacts. This paper formulates an interactive model of non-renewable and renewable resources to characterize land allocations between aquaculture and agriculture in ecologically and economically sustainable fashion. Through an empirical application, various economic and policy circumstances that affect the optimal land allocation mix are evaluated. The aquaculture industry must address two economic effects: off-site negative effects on renewable food and other coastal resources, and on-site self-pollution of shrimp ponds. Current regulatory and land-use policies are inadequate to address these effects.     

我国海洋养殖资源资产流失量价值模型构建

海洋养殖资源资产的流失已成为制约养殖业发展的重要因素之一。本文通过对养殖资源及养殖资源资产流失的界定,在资源所有者的所有权受损和海域低效利用基础上提出流失量价值即为海洋养殖资源资产价值与国家养殖资源资产总收益的差值,并将海水资源价值、环境成本价值和养殖成本价值作为养殖资源资产的总价值。     

舟山市对虾养殖业可持续发展的问题及对策

近几年来,舟山市的对虾养殖业发展迅速,为舟山市的粮食安全、食物供给、经济增长、就业做出了很大贡献。然而,对虾养殖所产生的环境、社会和经济问题也不断暴露,对虾养殖业的可持续发展问题面临巨大挑战。论文首先阐述了水产养殖业可持续发展的理论由来,接着分析了舟山市对虾养殖业目前的发展状况,最后针对舟山市对虾养殖业中出现的各种问题,提出了相应的政策建议,为舟山市对虾养殖确定科学的发展方向提供了一定参考。     

我国养殖渔业权制度问题探讨

养殖渔业权制度是我国渔业权制度的重要组成部分。本研究在回顾60多年来我国渔业发展历程的基础上,分析了我国水产养殖业制度创新、管理创新和技术创新的经验,指出我国水产养殖业高速发展过程中出现的一系列问题:养殖渔业权物权属性的民法根据有待明确,土地及养殖水面承包经营权有待稳定,土地及养殖水面承包经营权流转有待规范,养殖渔业权补偿制度有待完善,养殖户承包经营负担有待减轻,管理服务体系有待健全,等等。为尽快稳定与完善水产养殖业的制度基础,必须坚持水产养殖基本经营制度不动摇,完善法律法规体系;坚持科学规划,实施严格的用途管制制度;明确水面所有权主体,解决所有权缺位问题;明确物权属性,确保养殖权长久不变;明确政策界限,确保承包经营权流转沿着健康轨道进行;建立健全管理服务体系,夯实保护养殖权的基础。     

中国鲟鱼养殖产业发展战略思考

鲟鱼在我国境内自然分布的有2科3属共8种,在攻克其人工繁殖和苗种驯养技术后,人工养殖区域逐步扩大。2012年,我国鲟鱼产量达到55184吨,鱼籽酱产量约30吨,鲟鱼养殖产业链基本形成,在全球鲟鱼产业中的重要地位日益显现。归纳其成功经验主要得益于：一是科技推动与示范作用,二是政策引导作用,三是龙头企业引领作用。然而,产业的快速发展也使得鲟鱼种质资源利用不合理、产业规模化技术瓶颈、国内企业恶性竞争、国内市场消费水平低等制约因素逐步显现,作者提出产业发展战略目标,认为目前只有从规范行业运转模式、加强鲟鱼科技创新、实施配额制度、完善相关行政法规等角度人手,才能保障我国鲟鱼产业的可持续发展。     

Neoliberal Wave Rocks Chilika Lake, India: Conflict over Intensive Aquaculture from a Class Perspective

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Chilika Lake, situated on the coast of the Indian state of Orissa, has been the scene of a conflict over intensive aquaculture practices, culminating in a process of de facto privatization of the lake. This conflict can be divided into two distinct phases that have seen the involvement from village to state level of different actors: in particular the traditional fishing people and the dominant classes in Orissa. This article analyzes the socio-economic dynamics governing the conflict. The specific aim is to investigate the dynamics of class reproduction, new forms of class oppression and the emergence of new forms of class consciousness related to the transformations caused by the new aquaculture practices. The role of class in India today is discussed and related to a fieldwork-based analysis of the two phases of this movement against intensive aquaculture.     

Risk Preferences,Production Risk and Firm Heterogeneity*

A new technique is proposed for deriving the risk preference function under production risk and expected utility of profit maximization. The derivation depends on neither a specific parametric form of the utility function nor any distribution of the error term representing production risk. The proposed risk preference function is flexible enough to test different types of risk behavior and symmetry of the output distribution. Furthermore, our production risk specification allows for inputs with positive and negative marginal risk. The econometric model accommodates production risk, risk preferences and firm heterogeneity simultaneously. Norwegian salmon farming data are used as an application.     

A case study of land reform and coastal land transformation in southern Sonora, Mexico

This paper examines the coastal ejido (collectives of peasant landholders) sector's response to the 1992 amendment to Article 27 of Mexico's Constitution, which for the first time legalized the sale and rental of ejido lands. Our analysis is based on a case study of southern Sonora, Mexico. The results indicate a shift in land tenure from the ejido to the private sector and a corresponding conversion of coastal lands to shrimp aquaculture ponds. Our analysis suggests these land-tenure and land-use changes, and the implications of these changes for the coastal ejido sector, vary depending on the historical, geographic and socio-economic characteristics of the ejido communities.     

封闭箱体海洋水产养殖系统设计工序研究

本文旨在研究海水环境中刚性封闭箱体水产养殖系统的潜在设计工序。封闭箱体水产养殖技术通过限制并操控养殖鱼类与外部水环境相互作用以将环境影响最小化。系统的箱体单元通常紧密排布并锚泊到海底。研究关注的地理区域在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省乔治亚海峡。本文研究了含多个单元的箱体水产养殖系统的设计构造。设计程序包括检验以下内容:当地环境条件;多个箱体单元上受到的阻力;波浪荷载;无阻尼升沉运动;锚泊设备组件;刚性控制结构的材料应力。还讨论了操作以及其它设计要素。初步研究结果表明波浪力是至关重要的。