基础设施在中国农业全要素生产率中的作用

This paper uses the Malmquist index to examine the sources of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Chinese agriculture. The overall goal of this study is to create a framework for assessing the trend of China’s agricultural infrastructure and to measure its impact on Total Factor Productivity. The main methodological contribution is to provide more contributive measure of crop-specific technologies. Based on the province-level panel data set during 1988–2002, the primary finding is that infrastructure has positively and statistically significant association with the estimated coefficient on Total Factor Productivity for rice, wheat, maize, and bean. An erratum to this article is available at .     

西部新型工业化道路的特殊性及战略选择

西部目前正处于工业化初期向中期过渡期,加深工业化仍然是一项艰巨的历史性任务。由于西部工业基础薄弱,结构不尽合理,且信息化、现代化程度低,与东部发达地区相比,西部新型工业化道路具有特殊性。因此,优化西部地区产业结构、提高现代化新技术水平,用资源引进资本以及推动农业工业化等,是西部新型工业化的必由之路。     

Does oligopsony power matter in price support policy design? Empirical evidence from the Thai Jasmine rice market

In the oligopsony market, farmers may receive low prices and policy analysis assuming perfect competition can yield serious bias results. In this paper, we estimate oligopsony power between processors and farmers and evaluate the welfare impact of the paddy pledging program (PPP), a generous price support program in the Thai Jasmine rice market, with an imperfect competition model. We develop a model that consists of rice supply equation and derived demand equation. We then simultaneously estimate these equations using system estimation methods to recover oligopsony power parameters. Finally, we use these parameters to assess the welfare impact of the price support program. Using annual panel data running from crop marketing year 2001/2002–2015/2016 and exploiting the institutional feature of the PPP, we find strong evidence of some oligopsony power, a moderate level of oligopsony price distortion, and a negative relationship between price support and oligopsony power. We also find that the PPP is inefficient but effective in income redistribution. Moreover, the program benefits both farmers and consumers. With better policymaking decisions, the PPP can be efficient by setting a suitable support price. Therefore, our results show that in the case of the Thai Jasmine rice market, the generally accepted “wisdom” about agricultural price support policy does not necessarily hold, and price support can be designed to improve the efficiency of the market.     

《史记》“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”新解

长久以来，前辈学人对于《史记》中平阳君赵豹“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”一语解释多有不同，或以为是秦“以牛耕田，以水漕粮”，或以为是秦“以发源于‘牛田’之地的河流进行漕粮”，但均未形成定论。本文认为，先秦时期关中水资源丰富，渭河支流多可航运，加上关中水利发达，于是秦国利用与渭河支流连通的田间大渠——“浍”渠进行粮食漕运，即所谓“秦以牛田水通粮”。且战国后期，随着秦对外战争规模的扩大，粮秣耗费日增，使用“牛田水通粮”已十分必要。     

Measuring Production and Irrigation Efficiencies of Rice Farms: Evidence from the Punjab Province,Pakistan

We employ a non‐parametric approach, data envelopment analysis, to estimate the technical and irrigation efficiency of rice farms in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. We use a cross‐sectional dataset of 80 rice growers, including 45 tube‐well owners and 35 water buyers. Mean technical efficiency scores show that tube‐well owners and water buyers are operating at fairly high efficiency levels, indicating that access to technology is not a major constraint. However, irrigation inefficiency is pronounced, with water buyers being more inefficient than tube‐well owners. A bootstrap truncated regression is used to investigate the determinants of technical and irrigation efficiency. We suggest that groundwater management policies should be designed to address efficiency enhancing factors such as knowledge of crop water consumption requirement, better credit opportunities, outreach extension services and training programs.     

日本稻作生态农业发展途径与模式

生态农业通过农业与自然环境以及社会经济的平衡,实现农业的可持续发展,是未来农业发展的重要方向之一.水稻是日本重要农作物之一,也是我国农业的重要组成部分.通过回顾和总结日本稻作生态农业的发展途径与模式,尤其是在稻鸭(鱼)共作等有机农业生态模式、农业耕作技术和水稻多功能性方面所取得的成就的基础上,为我国水稻生态种植生产提供参考和建议.     

稻谷市场供求分析

近年来全球气候变化异常,粮食生产受到自然灾害影响,在一定程度上影响了供求关系,增加了人们对"粮食危机"的预期。作为全球种植生产和消费需求最广泛的粮食作物,稻谷与人们生活最为密切,稻谷的国际及国内市场供求日益受到人们的关注。本文以稻谷市场供求为研究对象,分析稻谷历年生产状况,探讨稻谷的消费情况,对稻谷市场供求形势及趋势进行分析。     

我国水稻产业供给侧结构性改革的思考

[目的]文章在供给侧改革视角下对水稻供需的结构性矛盾等方面进行梳理,分析基于供给侧改革战略的关键环节、实施路径和未来发展趋势,以期为制定我国水稻供给侧改革战略提供参考。[方法]采用文献分析法和调查研究法,从我国水稻生产供求结构、价格"天花板"和成本"地板"双重挤压、水稻生产的资源环境、市场调节等方面分析了我国水稻产业供给侧的现状和存在的问题;通过日本、泰国、中国五常大米政策特点和经验教训的启示,提出了我国水稻产业供给侧结构性改革的策略。[结果]在分析我国水稻产业供给侧现状的基础上,总结得出水稻产业供给侧改革措施:优化水稻产业空间和功能布局,以项目带动水稻产业结构调整,提高和优化稻米品种品质结构、审定标准向抗性优质专用水稻品种倾斜,因地制宜调减水稻生产面积,调整国家收储稻米标准,延长水稻全产业链等。[结论]加速我国水稻产业供给侧改革,能促进稻米产业结构快速升级,有效破解稻米产业的结构性矛盾,增强我国稻米产业可持续发展能力和国际竞争力。     

黄石市基本农田水稻中重金属污染评价分析

对黄石市基本农田稻米中重金属含量进行了分析测定并进行相应的分析评价,以明确该地区稻米中的重金属污染情况。结果表明：基本农田稻米整体上已经受到了Pb污染,大冶市和阳新县的稻米均为重度Pb污染（污染指数分别为5.469和3.689）,未受到其他重金属污染（其他重金属的污染指数均小于1）;分析不同样点的污染情况,62%的样点为重污染水平,18%的样点为中污染水平,16%的样点为轻污染水平,其他为清洁水平;分析污染原因可能主要由废水浇灌以及大气重金属尘沉降等引起。