On the smoothness of optimal paths II: some local turnpike results

We study the local turnpike property for two classes of infinite-horizon discrete-time deterministic maximization problems which have common applications, e.g., optimal growth theory. We follow a functional-analytic approach and rely on an implicit function theorem for the space of the sequences which converge to zero. We shall assume the existence of an optimal path which is not necessarily a steady-state. Relying on material developped in Blot and Crettez (Decis Econo Finance 27:1–34, 2004), “On the smoothness of optimal paths” Decis Econ Finance, 21:1–34, 2004), we provide conditions under which a variation in the initial conditions (i.e., capital stock and discount rate) yields an optimal solution which converges toward a reference solution when time becomes infinite. We also provide new results on bounded solutions of difference equations. We gratefully thank the editor, Silvano Holzer, and two anonymous referees for remarks and advices on a previous version of this paper.     

Parking futures: Preparing European cities for the advent of automated vehicles

The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) is a virtual certainty. Much less certain is the timing of their introduction and how rapid the transition to full automation will be. Various governments are already working to facilitate this shift by, for example, amending and elaborating regulations to support the introduction of AVs, or supporting tests in different urban environments. Meanwhile, urban and regional planners and decision-makers are still grappling with the uncertainties and differing opinions about the possible impacts of AVs on land-use changes and location choices, particularly in relation to the space available for vehicles, both moving (i.e. roadspace) and stationary (i.e. parking space). This paper uses a backcasting approach to identify critical policy decisions and measures to be taken before the implementation of AVs, so as to achieve a more desirable, attractive and high-quality city. These policy measures primarily relate to the reuse and reallocation of parking and roadspace. Two strategic decisions are found to be essential to meet the major goals of sustainable and liveable cities: a clear commitment to a shared mobility and the delimitation of Core Attractive Mixed-use Spaces (CAMS). In order to deliver these desired urbanisation patterns, a set of three policy paths, involving eight policy packages, is proposed for the next 20–30 years. This article provides urban and regional decision-makers with examples of interventions that can be implemented beyond and during the implementation of AVs.     

后危机时代广东沿海经济带产业结构升级的路径选择

国际金融危机给广东经济带来诸多负面影响,作为广东省地区生产总值主体的广东沿海经济带,其产业结构升级迫在眉睫。文章剖析了广东沿海经济带的产业发展概况,认为广东沿海经济带产业结构存在东西两翼与珠江三角洲之间的经济差距大、产业结构偏差明显、产业内部结构不合理、现代服务业发展不足和对国际市场依赖程度过高等问题,提出广东沿海经济带产业结构升级应选择以下路径:制定合理的产业政策,优化区域产业结构;协调三次产业结构,提升第二产业发展层次;大力发展第三产业,促进生产性服务业集聚发展和强化自主创新能力,以信息化推动产业结构升级等。     

中国经济发展的路径、成就与经验

1949年以来,中国的经济发展经历了凯歌行进、停滞徘徊和高速发展的三个阶段,呈现出一条"之"字形的曲折路径.尽管如此,从总体上看,经济发展仍取得了辉煌的成就,中国GDP总量跃居世界第三,人均GDP与世界平均水平差距大大缩小.60年的经济发展积累了丰硕的正面和反面的经验,其中,最重要的有三条:一是指导思想最为重要,科学发展观是60年经验教训的理论结晶;二是从国情出发,走自己的道路,选择发展模式;三是从国力出发,好中求快,确定经济发展速度.     

Pace,rhythm, and scope: process dependence in building a profitable multinational corporation

Many potential benefits of foreign expansion have been identified in the literature, yet empirical support that multinational firms perform better than domestic firms is mixed. This paper takes a longitudinal perspective and argues that how much a firm benefits from having foreign subsidiaries depends on its process of internationalization. We argue that a firm's capacity to absorb expansion is subject to constraints: some expansion patterns increase profitability less than others, owing to diseconomies of time compression. We hypothesize that the speed of internationalization, the spread of the geographical and product markets entered, and the irregularity of the expansion pattern negatively moderate a firm's increase in profitability resulting from international expansion. Model estimations based on panel data raised strong support for these predictions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Semi-parametric predictions of the intertemporal approach to the current account

This paper uses the method dynamic programming (DP) by GMM and Canadian data to estimate a dynamic model of a small-open economy. DP by GMM has several appealing features: it does not impose certainty equivalence, it accommodates multiple shocks and imposes few restrictions on the properties of the shocks in the model. Also, since it uses the actual shocks series to estimate approximate decision rules, it produces sample paths for the endogenous variables in the model. The model estimated fits the data well. In particular, the variance of the predicted trade balance-output ratio matches its empirical counterpart.     

10+3自由贸易区的路径安排和模式选择

自20世纪80年代以来,在世界经济区域一体化趋势的推动下,东亚地区曾出现了几个范围大小不等、类型多样、多层次的次区域小集团,这些区域化合作组织涉及的范围都比较窄,缺乏国家层面的政策支持,亦很难代表东亚区域化的合作层次和水平,且双边自由贸易协定也发展迅速。但东亚区域经济合作的最终目标不可能一步到位,需要有若干规模较大、能起到核心与主导作用的次区域自由贸易协定(RFTAs)先建立起来,起到示范作用,采取多种模式,逐步完成对整个地区的整合。     

企业家领导力提升的文化路径探索

企业家的领导力可以分成学习能力、教导能力以及决策能力三个方面的内容。首先,对于学习能力来说,企业家可以将网上智慧平台作为基础,通过直播模式和慕课模式提升自身的学习能力。其次,对于教导能力来说,企业家可以借助融媒体环境的支持,将文字社交融媒体环境和视频社交融媒体环境结合起来,以此提升自身的教导能力。最后,对于决策能力来说,企业家可以通过智能数据辅助整合以及AI技术辅助筛选的方式提升自身的决策能力。基于此,论文对企业家领导力提升的文化路径进行了研究和分析。     

海洋经济系统构建与蓝色经济空间拓展路径研究

海洋经济是未来我国经济的新增长点。目前,我国海洋经济存在 “三不、三低、三有待” 问题,并面临生态承载力等多重约束,拓展蓝色经济空间是我国海洋经济发展必经途径,也是 “海上丝绸之路” 建设与 “海洋强国” 建设的必然要求。本文构建了海洋经济系统,对系统构成及其互动规律进行了探讨,并在此基础上提出了蓝色经济空间拓展路径,以期能对我国海洋经济的可持续发展有所裨益。