Critical representations of Southern African inequality: Transcending outmoded exhibition and museum politics

ABSTRACT

Illustrating inequality to a more general public – beyond those concerned purely with public policy and research – presents various challenges. Museums have often served a function of memorialising both the impressive steps forward and major barriers to social progress, as a form of remembrance and understanding, although the twentieth century format in South Africa was generally embedded within colonial and racist self-glorification. The potential to transcend outmoded exhibition and museum politics with a new approach based on dialogical not didactic presentation, arises with inequality. In this exploration of how such an approach might unfold in the world's most unequal major city (as judged by the Palma Ratio), Johannesburg, the concept of threshold is introduced. Physical and conceptual access through overcoming thresholds is explored through a specific site, the Old Post Office, and through two artifacts that reveal structural power that generates inequality: Durban's sanitation system and Eastern Zimbabwe's diamond fields.     

《食品安全与卫生》课程教学改革的探索与研究

随着人们生活水平的提高,食品安全与卫生越来越受社会的广泛关注。食品安全与卫生是当前世界范围内普遍存在的问题。彻底解决任重道远。从食品安全与卫生课程内容体系的构建、授课方式和方法及考核形式等方面进行探索与阐述,总结近了几年教学改革做法,为今后教学提供更好的对策。     

关于加强环卫行业人力资源管理的若干思考

随着我国经济的快速发展,社会形态发生改变。新的社会形态下,为满足社会发展需要,各行各业不断创新发展。其中,环卫行业作为城市美容师,同样迎来了变革。新时代下,为从内而外改良环卫行业,为城市市容市貌更好地服务,环卫行业应积极从人力资源管理入手,促进环卫行业革新。那么,环卫行业如何加强人力资源管理?论文从不同角度对其展开分析,以期为环卫行业人力资源管理及相关研究提供理论基础。     

Millennium Development Goal shortfalls in Zimbabwe: Analysing the impact of access to water and sanitation on early childhood morbidity

ABSTRACT

An Africana feminist framework is presented that considers the ways in which inequality resulting from a historical legacy of political conflict and other dimensions intersect to impact upon the accomplishment of Millennium Development Goals with regards to environmental sustainability and child malnutrition in Zimbabwe. Demographic and Health Surveys are analysed from 1988 to 2011 to examine whether differential access to water and sanitation is predicted by ethnic differences in Zimbabwe, and is predictive of chronic malnutrition. Safe water and sanitation are in short supply, and logistic regression analyses provide evidence that residents in Shona and Ndebele-dominated provinces generally have better access to these resources. Uneven distribution of these development resources has a deleterious impact on early childhood nutrition. This work elicits results that give rise to child health-related policy recommendations that may inform post-2015 discussions of Sustainable Development Goals, namely that within-country ethnic differences must be taken into account.     

THE EFFECT OF ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER SOURCES AND SANITATION ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY: THE CASE OF SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

This paper evaluates the effect of access to improved water sources and sanitation on 41 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries' economic efficiency and growth. For this reason data envelopment analysis (DEA), bootstrap techniques and probabilistic approaches are used. The empirical results indicate that SSA countries' economic efficiency is positively influenced by the access of population both on improved water sources and sanitation. Finally, when the provision of access to improved water sources is provided to more than 50% of the population, the positive effect on countries' economic efficiency is much greater compared with the effect of providing sustainable access to improved sanitation to the same proportion of population.     

环卫工人职业化可行性研究——以浑南和沈北为例

习主席指出的中国梦是民族梦,也是每个中国人的梦,必须靠人民实现,为人民造福。承办第十二届全国运动会是辽宁人的骄傲,沈阳的城市形象是辽宁人的名片,而名片的书写离不开沈阳所有环卫工人的共同努力。本方案以环卫工人职业化为切入点,对我市环卫工人未来的职业化发展趋势进行了可行性研究。以建设和谐中国为背景,以共同建造中国梦为主题,详细了解环卫工人目前的工作环境,工资待遇等现状,并就其中存在的问题进行了探讨和分析。通过与环卫部门领导、指导教师的交流,结合环卫工人自身表述,提出了沈阳市以沈北和浑南两区为例的环卫工人职业化的可行性实施建议方案。     

A qualitative assessment of disability friendly water and sanitation facilities in primary schools,Rumphi, Malawi

Students with disabilities commonly face barriers when accessing water and using sanitation and hygiene facilities at school. International frameworks have prompted governments to enact local policies that enshrine these rights, guarantee equitable access to education and mandate inclusive infrastructure. This research was designed to explore whether Malawi has translated good policies into practice. Data were gathered in Rumphi district, Malawi, through structured field observations in ten schools and interviews with students with a disability (n?=?23), teachers (n?=?11) and government stakeholders (n?=?2). No school had facilities that fully meet the needs of students with disabilities, and private schools were not necessarily better. The cost of bringing existing infrastructure up to standard was on average MK54 000 (US$78). However, proactive consultation with children with a disability is likely to generate alternative low-cost short-term solutions. Increased government support, budgeting and enforcement is necessary to ensure international standards and national policies are met.     

Impact of sanitation,safe drinking water and health expenditure on infant mortality rate in developing economies

Despite of significant growth in all walks of life, the issue of infant mortality still a major concern in most of the developing economies. The World Development Indicators have reported that 4.45 million infants died across the globe in 2015, meaning that 32 deaths per every 1,000 live births. A number of times, the World Health Organization (WHO) have stressed the significance of sanitation, safe drinking water and healthcare facilities in reducing infant mortality rate, though most developing countries still lacks in these services. Given this background, the present study aims to examine the role of sanitation, water facilities and health expenditure on infant mortality rate across a panel of 84 developing economies using annual data from 1995 to 2013. The study also account for per capita income and depth of food deficiency as the control factors in the model. The findings of this study establish a significant long-run equilibrium association among the variables. The long-run elasticities on infant mortality suggest that improved water and sanitation facilities, health expenditure and per capita income substantially reduce infant mortality rate, while food deficiency increases. Given these findings, we suggest that increasing access to improved water, sanitation and healthcare facilities will significantly reduce child mortality in developing economies around the world.