Financial functional analysis: a conceptual framework for understanding the changing financial system

The financial system is currently undergoing a revolution brought about by e-finance, digital convergence, new market entrants and government-encouraged competition. New market entrants such as Apple, Alibaba, Facebook and Google come from industries such as IT, retail, social media and telecoms, and, therefore, do not fit comfortably within traditional financial institutional structures. A functional perspective might provide more practical insights into this revolution; however, the functional perspective has had a limited impact. This paper will investigate the benefits and limitations of financial functional analysis; probe the underpinning principles of sociology’s structural functional analysis; revisit Merton and Bodie’s (1995) six core financial functions in relation to new entrants in the financial landscape; and, finally, argue that in the new financial environment, functional analysis provides a more coherent and explanatory framework of the financial system for students and practitioners alike.     

逻各斯中心主义与电力英语的翻译

西方翻译学有两个非常著名的学派,一为以逻各斯中心为理论基础的结构主义学派和以后出现的解构主义学派。一般认为后来的解构主义学派注重能动的灵活翻译,所以在文学翻译上比固定的结构主义学派更具有优势,但由于电力英语的专业的特点,用固定僵硬的结构主义翻译方式反而更能体现其科学的严谨性。     

结构主义视角下北京怀柔科学城创新生态系统建构研究

以重大科技基础设施为依托的科学城建设是实现原始创新的主要载体之一,对于中国建设成为世界科技强国具有重要意义.基于已有研究,从结构主义视角提出科学城创新生态系统的概念及其分析框架,并以北京怀柔科学城为例,对其创新生态系统的整体性和内外部共时性进行分析.研究认为:从整体性上看,怀柔科学城创新生态系统的创新主体类型较为单一,创新生态系统种群的多样性尚且不够;从共时性来看,系统各部分内部、各部分之间及其与系统外部之间的知识和信息交互均显不足.从促进创新要素大量集聚并发生聚合反应、创新主体之间充分协同并形成自组织性和营造宜研宜业宜居且开放的创新环境3个方面,提出进一步推进怀柔科学城创新生态系统打造和演化的政策建议.     

LIBERAL ECONOMICS AND THE RISE OF LAISSEZ‐FAIRE ECOLOGY

The shift in thinking about how to manage national economies and economic systems in the 1980s was part of a broader revolution in intellectual thought. This is seen in ecology, where a shift in thinking about how to manage environments took place at the same time. Traditionally, the environment was viewed in determinist (structuralist) terms, as a system which was susceptible to management and manipulation. Ecosystems were thought to evolve through predictable stages, reaching a climax state. From the late 1980s, ecologists became increasingly convinced that ecosystems, like economic systems, are complex. They argued that while human intervention is often necessary, wherever possible it should be replaced with more natural controls, which can often fulfil policy aims as well if not better than deliberate intervention. Like economies, the best ecosystems are those which largely manage themselves.     

《好人难寻》--一种结构主义的解读

从结构主义的角度重新解读美国当代南方作家弗兰纳里·奥康纳(FlanneryO’Connor)的短篇小说《好人难寻》,可以从二元对立、视点和视角等角度说明作家是如何运用这些艺术手法将一个简单的社会暴力事件转换为富有深度的哲理小说,从而对于当代西方社会现实和宗教信仰问题进行了一次深入的探索。     

简述20世纪语言学研究的发展与主要流派的特征

20世纪语言学研究经历了三个阶段的发展:结构主义语言学阶段、转换生成语言学阶段和系统功能语言学阶段。简述了语言学在这三个阶段的发展、各个阶段的代表学者以及他们的理论特点。     

Value,sign, and social structure: the ‘game’ metaphor and modern social science

This exploratory paper, part of continued work on the history of game theory, seeks to illustrate certain links between von Neumann's theory of games and contemporaneous ideas in other fields. In particular, we claim that the emergence of the analytical metaphor of the ‘game’ in economics can be viewed as part of a general reconceptualization of theory in a range of disciplines. That methodological reconstitution may be described as the emergence of a Structuralist view, an approach to theorizing which treated its object – be that a text, a kinship arrangement, or an economy – as a self-contained system, with its own internal logic, subject to its own ‘laws’. In particular, individual texts, or observed social and economic arrangements, are now viewed as variations on an underlying logical theme, on a structural invariant. The latter is to be uncovered, in the case of linguistics, through the analysis of phonemes; in kinship analysis, through the rules governing the exchange of women because of the incest taboo; in von Neumann and Morgensterns game theory, through the possibilities for equilibrium coalition formation, based on the stable set. There thus emerged a tendency, across the intellectual spectrum, towards seeing things in combinatorialterms. Theoretical coherence was to be found in examining how objects ‘held together’ rather than analysing where they ‘came from’: nineteenth-century concerns with history, evolution and individual psychology give way to a distinctly modern emphasis on synchronic, formal structure, on analogical reasoning. Atomism gave way to holism, and formal elegance superceded immediate empirical content. Recourse to the metaphor of the ‘game’ was constitutive of this shift, which we examine by referring to Saussures General Course in Linguistics, to Formalism in mathematics and literary analysis, to Lévi-Strauss's analysis of kinship and myth, and to von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour.     

评林毅夫的新结构经济学：理论、政策和难点

近年,林毅夫提出了新结构经济学,据说有可能是发展经济学继结构主义和华盛顿共识之后的第三波理论浪潮的重要流派。新结构经济学认为一个经济体的经济结构内生于它的要素禀赋结构,持续的经济发展是由要素禀赋的变化和持续的技术创新推动的。新结构经济学得出了与旧结构经济学不同的理论结论：市场在资源配置中发挥核心作用,把进口替代看做是发展中国家在发展过程中爬升产业阶梯的自然现象;政府发挥积极作用。新结构经济学在财政政策、货币政策、金融发展、外国资本、贸易政策、人类发展方面得出了一些新的政策启示,但是新结构经济学也存在着一些理论难点。     

Theory in Recreation and Leisure Research: Reflections from the Editors

The evolution and importance of theory in leisure research have been recognized as essential to broaden understandings of leisure. The purpose of this reflective piece is to describe and critique the contributions that theory has made by examining the research documented in American leisure and recreation research journals during the 1990s and projecting those contributions toward the future. From our perspective as individuals associated with Leisure Sciences during the past two years, we provide a review of literature regarding the meanings of theory, note summaries of other studies in our field that have empirically examined theory, compare leisure research from the 1980s to the 1990s, and offer suggestions regarding trends in the future theoretical development of the parks, recreation, leisure, sport, and tourism fields. We also advocate “post approaches” such as postmodernism that may be essential in the next stage of theory evolution.     

20世纪区位理论的五个发展阶段及其评述

韦伯的工业区位论所开始的区位理论,随着经济发展水平的提高,经历了不断的发展历程。经济地理以及区域经济研究者从不同的角度来研究区位理论,一方面构建新的区位理论,另一方面更深入地研究以往的区位理论。文章将20世纪区位理论的发展历程总结为五个发展阶段：以新古典区位理论为主的阶段;以行为经济学为主的发展阶段;以结构主义为主的发展阶段;以生产方式为主的发展阶段;以非完全竞争市场结构为主发展阶段。对于各发展阶段的特征,做了概括性的总结。