江苏省率先发展物流租赁服务业的战略思考

物流租赁业是一项高效率、高环保、高就业、高回报、引领中国物流标准化进程、支撑物流产业持续健康发展的新兴服务行业．当前在我国还没有得到发展。本文具体分析了江苏省率先发展物流租赁服务业的优势和外资在我国的动向．认为当前是江苏省产业界率先投资发展谊行业的最佳时机，并从政府的角度提出了相应的政策措施。     

Distress rentals and the land rental market as a safety net: contract choice evidence from Tigray,Ethiopia

Rural households in the semiarid Northern Ethiopian highlands are net buyers of food. Crop failure due to erratic and unpredictable rainfall occurs frequently and leads to food shortages and income shocks. The renting out of land may be one of the coping responses of households exposed to shocks. We developed a theoretical household model for poor landlord households capturing their contract choice response to downside production shocks. We tested econometrically whether contract choice may depend on poverty, capital constraints, production risk and random shocks. The multinomial logit model estimates show that poor households experiencing random shocks are more likely to choose fixed‐rent contracts as a distress response to shocks, suggesting that fixed‐rent contracts may be used to meet immediate needs, but at the expense of future incomes. We also found that fixed‐rent contracts are preferred when ex ante production risk is low, while sharecropping is more likely where production risk is high. Finally, we found an indication that the choice of a fixed‐rent contract as a coping response to shocks comes as a last resort after all other means of coping are exhausted.     

An explanation of share tenancy in terms of unemployment,social norms and power

Due to persistent unemployment, peasant families in developing countries tend to employ more labour on the leased in land plots than a capitalist would. In labour surplus societies, therefore, landlords may earn higher surplus from leasing out land than from self-cultivation. By endogenising disguised unemployment this paper shows that greater power and unity of landlords and conservative social norms may explain the persistence of share tenancy in developing economies.     

元代安徽地区的土地开发与利用

元代安徽地区的官田和民田多得到了有效开发与利用。官田主要用于充当职田、屯田、赐田、草场、牧地等,占有主体为封建国家。在官田中,屯田最发达,分布广,延续时间长,在全国具有重要地位。民田占有主体为官僚地主、一般富户地主、宗族地主、自耕农、民办学校、寺院等,呈现多元化特征。在民田中,族田、学田较发达,地域特色明显。在官、民田中,租佃制经营方式十分流行,地租形态以实物地租为主,也存在货币地租,但不普遍。     

农村土地租赁博弈分析

在分析国内外有关农村土地租赁关系研究进展的基础上,从博弈论角度透视土地租赁关系,并依据入户调查资料,建立不完全信息静态博弈模型。研究结果表明：相比高地租土地,土地租入方对低地租和中等地租土地有激励;土地租入方实施＂冷酷到底＂策略,土地出租方没有激励实施机会主义行为;最终导致高质量土地退出市场,低质量和中等质量土地占据整个市场,土地资源的无效率配置。     

公寓租赁投资模式的经济分析

在当前的金融风暴背景下,经过了各种投资方式尝试的投资者更加注重审视投资品种的风险。高校作为一个特殊的发展领域,特别是在高校招生规模急剧扩大后,学生宿舍的建设和投资是一个备受关注的研究课题,牵动各方的切身利益。本文以高校公寓租赁投资产业为例,通过技术经济模型分析了建筑投资商、物业管理商、学校和学生四方经济利益的均衡问题,为各方利益的协调管理提供了科学依据。     

Land Reform in South Africa

An insightful study of the complexities of land reform in South Africa is reviewed, and its key arguments assessed. The study astutely combines ethnographic and historical detail from in-depth case studies in Mpumalanga Province with critical analysis of land reform policies, and locates these within larger theoretical debates on property rights, citizenship and identity. The author argues that a profound and unresolved tension exists within South Africa's land reform programme between broad and inclusive conceptions of 'rights' that are linked to notions of restored citizenship and sovereignty, and a conception of 'property' as individualized ownership of land, implying a much narrower conception of citizenship. The study also focuses on the roles of a variety of mediators and 'brokers' in land reform. Despite its many strengths, the study is not entirely convincing, partly because some key policy debates are mischaracterized. Its treatment of questions of agricultural production, rural livelihoods and the political economy of agrarian change is somewhat disappointing.     

Off‐farm work,land tenancy contracts and investment in soil conservation measures in rural Pakistan

This study examines the impacts of participation in off‐farm work and land tenancy contracts on the intensity of investment in soil‐improving measures and farm productivity. A multivariate Tobit model that accounts for potential endogeneity between the intensity of investment and the off‐farm work and tenancy contract variables is estimated for 341 rural households in Punjab province of Pakistan. An instrumental variable approach is also used to analyse the impact of tenancy contract and off‐farm work on farm productivity. The empirical results show that participation in off‐farm work and tenure security tends to increase the intensity of investment in long‐term soil‐improving measures. We also find that increases in off‐farm work and tenure security exert significant and positive effects on farm productivity.