Learning across the life cycle: Experimentation and performance among the hollywood studio heads

Guided by notions from the literature on organizational learning, this paper investigates how product line experimentation and organizational performance change across the careers of top managers. Its subjects are the studio heads who ran all the major Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965. The study found first, that product line experimentation declines over the course of executive tenures; second, that there is an inverse U‐shaped relationship between top executive tenure and an organization's financial performance; and third, that product line experimentation is more likely to benefit financial performance late in top executives' tenures. These findings are consistent with a three‐stage ‘executive life cycle’. During the early years of their tenures, top managers experiment intensively with their product lines to learn about their business; later on their accumulated knowledge allows them to reduce experimentation and increase performance; finally, in their last years, executives reduce experimentation still further, and performance declines. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Top executive gender diversity and financial reporting quality

We examine whether gender diversity of chief executive and chief financial officers (CEOs and CFOs) is associated with financial reporting quality. The CEOs and CFOs of publicly traded companies are both required to certify the appropriateness of their financial statements and annual disclosures. We argue that gender diverse dyads (groups) of executives can bring different perspectives and professional skepticism to financial reporting. Using a sample of different CEO/CFO gender dyads during 2006–2019, we postulate and find evidence of higher accruals quality among firms led by gender-diverse dyads compared to accruals quality reported by firms led by all-male CEO/CFO pairs. Additional analyses reveal that the auditors of firms with gender-diverse executive dyads issue audit reports later, charge higher audit fees, and are more likely to be one of the Big 4 firms. These findings support the view that top executive gender diversity enhances financial reporting quality, which has important implications for corporate governance mechanisms.     

CEO power and annual report reading difficulty

We examine the impact of CEO power on reading difficulty of corporate annual reports. We find that CEO power is positively related to reading difficulty, implying that annual reports of corporations with powerful CEOs are difficult to read and understand. More importantly, we find that the relation between CEO power and reading difficulty is moderated by earnings performance or corporate governance. Additional findings suggest that this relation becomes stronger for firms with lower financial reporting quality or for CEOs with shorter tenure. Our study not only joins the debate on the consequences of powerful CEOs but also uncovers several factors that moderate the relation between CEO power and annual report reading difficulty.     

The influence of relative values of outside director stock options on firm strategic risk from a multiagent perspective

Prior work has examined the effects of absolute levels of outside director stock option grants on risk behavior without recognizing that relative stock option values could differentially affect risk taking. Drawing from the house money effect perspective, we extend this literature by examining how positive deviation from prior outside director option grants values influences firm strategic risk. Additionally we draw from the behavioral agency model and the power literature to develop a multiagent contingency framework suggesting the effect of positive director pay deviation depends on the incentives and power of CEOs reflected in CEO stock ownership and CEO duality, respectively. Our empirical results indicate positive pay deviation has a positive effect on firm risk taking while high ownership and duality independently and jointly weaken this base relationship. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CEO与CFO股权激励的治理效应之比较:基于盈余管理的实证研究

在西方发达国家,CFO与CEO拥有相同的法律地位,负有监督CEO的责任,在公司治理结构中拥有重要的地位。本文从盈余管理角度研究我国CFO股权激励的公司治理效应,并比较CFO与CEO股权激励的公司治理效应,发现:尚未实施股权激励计划的公司,其CFO股权和期权占总薪酬比率与盈余管理呈负相关关系,而实施股权激励计划的公司,其CFO股权和期权占总薪酬比率与盈余管理的负相关关系显著变弱;尚未实施股权激励计划的公司,其CFO股权和期权占总薪酬比率对盈余管理抑制的程度显著小于CEO。这表明,正式实施股权激励会诱发盈余管理行为,其它类型的CFO持股则会抑制盈余管理行为,并且CFO股权激励的积极治理效应显著小于CEO。     

CEO控制权、成长性与审计定价

文章运用中国上市公司2007-2009年的数据,研究了CEO控制权、成长性因素对审计定价的影响。研究发现,由于中国上市公司的代理成本较高,所以CEO控制权与成长性因素分别对审计定价有显著的正向影响,但是由于处于成长初期的中国上市公司较多,CEO控制权对审计定价的影响并不依赖于成长性因素。     

CIO利器——平衡计分卡

平衡计分卡是有效保障企业战略实施的工具,IT管理者CIO有效使用平衡计分卡,架起IT战略和企业战略的桥梁,可以在公司发展大战略下,最大程度实现IT价值.     

我国上市公司CEO薪酬存在租金攫取吗?

本文选取2005～2008年我国上市公司作为研究样本,考察了CEO的薪酬是否存在租金攫取问题。研究结果表明:我国国有控股上市公司CEO的薪酬主要由公司经济特征决定,具有明显的业绩型薪酬特征,并不存在明显的超额薪酬和租金攫取问题;上市公司总体,尤其是民营控股上市公司CEO的薪酬中存在租金,但租金攫取问题相对较轻,尚未对公司业绩产生负面影响。本文还对不同薪酬水平上市公司CEO的薪酬中的租金攫取问题分别进行了分析。研究发现,CEO薪酬水平中等和较低的公司,CEO的薪酬并不存在租金攫取问题,而CEO薪酬水平较高的上市公司中虽存在租金攫取,但问题尚不严重。     

CEO对企业战略选择的影响

企业战略是企业一切活动的出发点,是企业发展的灵魂和纲要,战略的好坏直接影响着企业是否可以不断成长,是否可以基业长青。战略的制定受企业外部环境、企业资源与能力状况等许多因素的影响,其中,企业的CEO对企业战略的制定、选择、实施等环节有着举足轻重的影响力。笔者首先分析了现有的对企业战略与CEO关系的学者观点;其次在分析案例的基础上提出了自己的认识;最后给出CEO选择的建议。     

CEO背景特征对公司风险承担的影响研究

以我国沪、深两市上市公司为研究对象,深入研究了CEO背景特征对公司风险承担的影响。研究表明:CEO年龄越大,越为保守和回避风险,倾向于降低公司风险承担;CEO任期越长,其专用性人力资本和管理防御程度越高,公司风险承担水平越低;CEO教育程度与公司风险承担显著负相关,当CEO在其他单位兼职时,公司风险承担水平相对较低。而CEO性别、职称对公司风险承担并没有显著的影响。文章为我们更好地理解上市公司的风险承担行为及CEO等高管的选拨与任命具有一定的启示意义。