CEO Pay,Shareholder Returns,and Accounting Profits

We assess the impact on CEO pay (including salary, cash bonus, and benefits in kind) of changes in both accounting and shareholder returns in 99 British companies in the years 1972-89. After correcting for heterogeneity biases inherent in the standard specifications of the problem, we find a strong positive relationship between CEO pay and within-company changes in shareholder returns, and no statistically significant relationship between CEO pay and within-company changes in accounting returns. Differences between firms in long-term average profitability do appear to have a substantial effect on CEO pay, while differences between firms in shareholder returns add nothing to the within-firm pay dynamics.These findings call into question the rationale for explicitly share-based incentive schemes.     

The existence of R&D spillovers: A cost function estimation with random coefficients

This is a study of the effects of R&D spillovers on the cost and production structures of Finnish manufacturing firms. Confidential data on firms is used to estimate a translog cost function system with random coefficients. Although the results suggest that intra-industry spillovers are present in Finnish manufacturing, the findings regarding inter-industry spillovers are inconclusive. The variable cost reduction associated with spillovers is positive, but relatively low. Spillovers reduce the demand for labor but increase the demand for materials. Spillovers also reduce the willingness to pay for capital inputs.     

Income Distribution,Foreign Trade and the Value-Added Vector

Whilst input-output analysts often treat the value-added vector as a fairly simple, straightforward component of input-output studies, modern 'classical' economics tells us that it is far from simple. This will be developed, both for a closed economy and for an economy using foreign produced inputs.     

Dispersion of growth paths of macroeconomic models in thermodynamic limits: two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet models

This paper discusses dispersion of growth patterns of macroeconomic models in thermodynamic limits. More specifically, the paper shows that the coefficients of variations of the total numbers of clusters and the numbers of clusters of specific sizes of one- and two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet models behave qualitatively differently in the thermodynamic limits. The coefficients of variations of the numbers of clusters in the former class of distributions are all self-averaging, while the those in the latter class are all non-self averaging. In other words, dispersions or variations of growth rates about the means do not vanish in the two-parameter version of the model, while they do in the one-parameter version in the thermodynamic limits. The paper ends by pointing out other models, such as triangular urn models, may converge to Mittag–Leffler distributions which exhibit non-self-averaging behavior for certain parameter combinations. The author is grateful for many helps he received from H. Yoshikawa, and M. Sibuya.     

基于熵权系数法的房地产市场比较估价模型研究

房地产估价方法主要包括收益现值法、成本法和市场比较法等,其中,市场比较法由于更加符合房价由市场决定的准则而成为房地产估价中常用的方法。市场比较法是以以往可比性交易实例为估价基础,通过对各因素差异修正来评价待估房地产价格。熵权系数法可用来完善现有的房地产市场比较法,通过从各个可比房地产项目构成的系统中计算各交易实例的熵值,以确定各交易实例相比于待估房地产的贴近度,进而确定待估房地产的估价。     

Structural Transformations and Important Coefficients in the North American Economies

This paper assesses a few issues related to the question of finding the so-called important coefficients in an input-output table. Further, these coefficients are located in the corresponding matrices of Canada, the USA and Mexico. Important coefficients are analysed employing graph theoretical tools as well as qualitative input-output concepts and techniques. Empirical results are discussed in terms of the possible implications for trade and regional integration which, presumably, would have deepened in the 1990s.     

自回归模型在实践中的问题分析

自回归模型是一种被广泛使用的计量经济模型，但在实践中通常会引起多重共线性，从而导致外生解释变量的系数发生较大变化，一些变量不再显著，模型失去经济意义。本文首先分析这些现象是如何发生的，然后通过一个典型的例子给予说明，最后提出了改进模型的建议。     

打开内部评级法的黑箱:假设、模拟与监管实践

内部评级法的风险权重模型实质上是建立在单一系统性风险因子假设基础上的条件违约概率。内部评级法有两个主要特点:一是单一风险因子假设,假设信用风险的系统风险由单个共同因子控制;二是组合不变性,组合具有良好的分散性以使所有特殊风险充分多样化。这些假设在促成内部评级法成为简单易行、具有一定的可比性资本监管工具的同时,也对监管当局自身形成了挑战:一是如何针对不同银行的组合粒度补提"剩余"的监管资本,二是如何选择与本经济体相称的资产相关系数。在中国,由于政府主导经济,体制相关性较高,后一个问题尤显重要。     

盈利质量与利润反应系数

本文经过实证发现,收入和利润同时增长的公司具有(1)较好的盈利质量和(2)比只有利润增长的公司更大的利润反应系数(Earnings Response Coefficients,ERC).从盈利质量来看,收入上升拉动利润的公司的收益更具有持久性,更不易受到盈余管理的干扰,以及在未来具有更佳的业绩.从反应系数来看,这类公司的利润反应系数较大,而账面净资产反应系数则较小,这和Ohlson(1995)的结论相一致.     

中国股权溢价之谜的检验--Hansen-Jagannathan方法的应用

通过对中国证券市场的实证研究,估计的中国投资者的相对风险回避系数远远大于10,即远大于Mehra和Prescott(1985)所认可的最高水平,证实了中国股市存在股权溢价之谜,并指出了解释中国股权溢价之谜的潜在研究路径.