谈“创先争优”的结果与过程

先进和优秀是中国共产党人的特征和追求,其本质是创和争,核心点是争创的过程。结果只是节点,过程才是更重要;结果体现绩效,过程更彰显价值。创先争优的过程体现了组织者的号召力和人生境界,体现着组织文化。     

日耳曼法"以手护手"原则研究

"以手护手"原则是以占有为基础建立起来的一项法律制度。一般认为,它是善意取得制度的源头。"以手护手"原则是占有效力的体现,而善意取得制度则是为了保护交易安全。     

浅谈BOT项目在西部开发基础设施建设中的应用

西部开发中以基础设施建设为重点，而这些设施需要注入大量的资金，我国目前这方面的资金相对缺乏。本文试图从宏观管理者的角度，探讨如何把BOT这种融资方式运用到西部开发和建设中。     

对经济学的"手"理论的述评

通过综合分析经济学理论关于"看不见的右手"(市场)、"看得见的左手"(政府)、"看得见的右手"(企业)和"看不见的左手"(权力及利益集团)的功能、缺陷及发挥各只"手"的功能所必需的约束条件,可以看出,要实现资源的优化配置、经济增长和社会和谐,各只"手"必须各司其职,发挥其长处、规避其缺陷,在其有效边界内运作而不是畸形发育,并处理好"四只手"之间的比例、结构和均衡关系。     

腹部带血管蒂皮瓣转移修复手外伤皮肤缺损的临床疗效

目的探讨腹部带血管蒂皮瓣转移修复手外伤皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法选取我院2012年2月至2014年2月收治的80例手外伤皮肤缺损患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将其分为两组。观察组患者使用腹部带血管蒂皮瓣进行修复,对照组患者使用手指掌侧推进皮瓣进行修复,观察两组患者治疗效果。结果观察组40例患者皮瓣全部成活,对照组患者皮瓣成活37例,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);外形恢复满意度方面,观察组患者满意度为97.5%(39/40),对照组患者满意度为70.0%(28/40),其中对照组患者有2例出现轻度臃肿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹部带血管蒂皮瓣转移修复手外伤皮肤缺损的疗效明显,患者满意度高,外形恢复完整,具有较高安全性。     

Prisoner’s Dilemmas, Cooperative Norms, and Codes of Business Ethics

Prisoner's dilemmas can lead rational people to interact in ways that lead to persistent inefficiencies. These dilemmas create a problem for institutional designers to solve: devise institutions that realign individual incentives to achieve collectively rational outcomes. I will argue that we do not always want to eliminate misalignments between individual incentives and efficient outcomes. Sometimes we want to preserve prisoner's dilemmas, even when we know that they systematically will lead to inefficiencies. No doubt, prisoner's dilemmas can create problems, but they also create opportunities to practice the cooperative norms that make market institutions possible in the first place. An ethical market culture, I argue, benefits from the presence of prisoner's dilemmas. I first consider standard approaches for solving prisoner's dilemmas. I then argue for the value of prisoner's dilemmas. Finally, I show the significance of this argument for advocating codes of business ethics.     

政府干预的新度量——基于最终控制人投资组合的视角

在度量政府干预时,已有文献往往将企业视为一个整体,通过比较政府干预指标的横截面差异来确定企业受政府干预的强弱。然而,在中国的制度背景下,最终控制人(例如:地方政府)往往控制着多家企业。此时,将同一最终控制人控制的企业视为一个投资组合,通过比较企业在投资组合中的差异来度量政府干预,应该更为恰当。基于这一思路,我们以最终控制人到公司的控制权与公司规模为权重指标,构建了公司在其最终控制人投资组合中的重要性指数,并将其作为政府干预的衡量指标。以地方国有上市公司为样本,实证结果显示:当公司在其最终控制人的投资组合中越重要时,公司的政策性负担(税收负担与超额雇员)越沉重、过度投资越严重、从而市场价值越低。此外,这类公司也越多的获得了政府补助。我们还发现,本文构建的政府干预指标相比同类指标有更好的解释力。这些结果印证了本文所构建政府干预指标的合理性。     

Anti‐microbial hand washes for domestic use – their effectiveness in vitro and in normal use

The killing or removal of microbes from the hands is a critical factor in food safety as many studies have shown the hands to be both an important source of microbes and powerful agents of cross‐contamination in hospital and domestic situations. In response to this concern, a number of novel hand‐washing products have appeared on the market. These products contain anti‐microbial agents and claim to be more effective at removing bacteria than soap bars and conventional liquid soaps. This study attempts to test these claims by comparing the effectiveness of a conventional soap bar, a conventional liquid soap and an anti‐microbial liquid soap containing triclosan. In vitro tests demonstrate that the anti‐microbial liquid soap is more effective than conventional liquid soaps in reducing the viability of six bacterial species and that this effect is both time and dose dependent. However, when the three soaps were compared for their ability to reduce microbial counts on the hands no differences were observed between the three products. For all three soaps, counts after washing sometimes went up and sometimes down when compared with pre‐wash counts. This was the case both when the soaps were used ‘normally’– that is, with great variation in the time taken, water and soap volumes used and method of washing and after a standardized, rigorous wash recommended in clinical situations. Furthermore, reduction in microbial counts from hands contaminated by handling raw meat was no greater for the anti‐microbial than for the conventional liquid soap.     

A NOTE ON SELECTION EFFECTS OF THE HAND RULE

The famous Hand rule weighs the burden of precaution against the reduction in expected harm. The burden may be type‐specific, implying different standards of care for different injurer types. We show that this fact may be exploited by principals in their search for minimized individual costs. Principals may hire agents with high cost of care‐taking although other agents are available. This is shown in a unilateral‐care setting either with perfect or with asymmetric information. We therefore highlight a neglected downside of the negligence rule.     

多重耐药菌的医院感染防控策略

[目的]通过对我院19例多重耐药感染患者的分析，探讨降低医院多重耐药茵的发生率的有效医院感染防控策略。[方法]分析多重耐药茵感染的原因，制订预防与控制多重耐药茵感染的综合措施。通过加强医院管理、严格执行消毒隔离制度、开展人员院感知识培训、手卫生、合理使用抗茵药物、严格执行无茵技术操作、规范处置医疗废物等综合措施，[结论]医院多重耐药茵感染得到有效控制。