创业拼凑、网络关系与新企业绩效——基于京津冀地区企业的实证分析

资源匮乏是企业发展过程中的重要绊脚石,化解此问题对新企业成长具有重要意义.从资源获取视角切入,基于资源基础理论和创业拼凑理论,探究创业拼凑对新企业绩效的作用机理,以及网络关系在两者之间的中介机制,对京津冀地区177家新企业问卷数据进行回归分析.结果表明:创业拼凑能够通过对内外资源的整合,实现对资源的即时利用,有助于企业绩效提升;拼凑行为的开展会推动企业积极构建商业关系与政府关系,进而作用于企业发展过程;良好政治关系有利于与合作伙伴等建立稳定的商业关系.研究结论有助于缓解新企业资源尴尬的窘境以及进一步为网络关系中资源的获取与转移使用提供新的视角.     

Innovation for Inclusive Business: Intrapreneurial Bricolage in Multinational Corporations

It is often argued that multinational corporations (MNCs) are in a unique position to innovate business models that can help to alleviate poverty. This empirical study into intra‐organizational aspects of pro‐poor business innovation in two MNCs suggests, however, that certain elements of their management frameworks – such as short‐term profit interests, business unit based incentive structures, and uncertainty avoidance – may turn into obstacles that prevent MNCs from reaching their full potential in this respect. We introduce the concept of intrapreneurial bricolage to show how middle manager innovators may promote pro‐poor business models despite these obstacles. We define intrapreneurial bricolage as entrepreneurial activity within a large organization characterized by creative bundling of scarce resources, and illustrate empirically how it helps innovators to overcome organizational constraints and to mobilize internal and external resources. Our findings imply that intrapreneurial bricolage may be of fundamental importance in MNC innovation for inclusive business. In addition to the field of inclusive business, this study has implications for the study of bricolage in large organizations and social intrapreneurship, as well for managerial practice around innovation for inclusive business.     

Entrepreneur’s creativity and firm-level innovation performance: bricolage as a mediator

Prior literature focuses on the direct influence of entrepreneur’s creativity on firm-level innovation performance, but it ignores the intermediate mechanism of how. This study examines the role of bricolage in mediating the relationship between entrepreneur’s creativity and innovation performance. We propose that in SMEs, entrepreneur’s creativity can facilitate bricolage, which in turn influences innovation performance. Furthermore, the extent to which entrepreneur’s creativity can influence bricolage depends on firm age. Survey data from 249 SMEs indicate that bricolage functions as a mediator in the relationship between entrepreneur’s creativity and innovation performance. Entrepreneur’s creativity has a stronger effect on bricolage for young firms than for old firms.     

社会网络、资源拼凑与新创企业的创新绩效

基于资源拼凑理论,建立了社会网络、资源拼凑与新创企业创新绩效的理论模型,探究了社会网络对资源拼凑行为的激发效应以及对企业创新绩效的影响。利用164家成立时间在8年内的新创企业的调研数据,对理论模型和研究假设进行了实证分析。结果表明:新创企业社会网络的网络规模和网络强度均对其资源拼凑产生显著的正向影响;资源拼凑对新创企业的创新绩效具有显著的正向作用,且资源拼凑在社会网络与新创企业创新绩效之间起完全中介作用。研究结果提示:丰富的社会网络关系可以激发新创企业的资源拼凑行为,对现有资源重构和整合的拼凑行为会促进新创企业创新绩效的提升。     

基于再制造视角的创造性拼凑研究

文章梳理了创造性拼凑易型再制造的全生命周期基本流程,剖析了其中的关键环节,对提高创造性拼凑效率,促进绿色循环经济发展具有较强实践意义。     

Economic Ideas and Institutional Change: The Case of the Russian Stabilisation Fund

An intense discussion is taking place in international political economy on the influence of economic ideas on institutional change. Case studies so far have, however, mainly focused on the Western industrialised countries and research seems to be biased towards cases in which new ideas caused lasting institutional change. The present paper addresses these two shortcomings by analysing the case of the Russian Stabilisation Fund (SF). This case is an example both of the impact of global ideas on a non-Western emerging country and of a ‘near miss’ in the sense that imported neoliberal ideas failed to assert themselves enduringly. Paradoxically, it can be shown how the neoliberally based idea of the SF even contributed to the return to Soviet patterns of industrial policy. The main reason for this, we argue, is that the Fund's implementation was not preceded by economic and political debates. Accordingly, the imported institution of the SF had to be filled with ideational content after its implementation.     

新组织形式如何形成?——对50年研究的回顾与整合

本文关注新组织形式形成问题,通过回顾50年来的主要相关文献,力图加强各研究路向之间的对话和整合,推动未来研究的深入。现有文献对组织形式概念的理解可归为三种,即组织活动所呈现的模式、由制度逻辑塑造的组织样板、社会观众赋予组织群体的集体身份,也是研究新组织形式形成问题的三种视角。新组织形式形成过程涉及产生和确立两个不同的内在阶段,三种视角对此各有不同阐释,但存在基本共识:产生阶段的关键是组合多种组织要素,确立阶段的关键是获取合法性。我们整合三种视角,指出模式、样板、身份是组织形式的三种共存面相,也是新组织形式形成过程的三种历时状态,在产生—确立期间,依次上升成为主要形象;制度逻辑是三面相的共同基础,也是贯穿三状态的构成性力量。进一步,我们提出拼合可作为新视角,融合现有研究的三视角,且有望深化和推进当前研究。本文在一定程度上加强了各理论流派之间的交流,奠定了后续经验研究的基础。     

Entrepreneurship through Bricolage: a study of displaced entrepreneurs at times of war and conflict

ABSTRACT

War and conflict brings about adverse changes for those who are displaced. How do entrepreneurial individuals respond to such adversity to either set-up, or continue with their existing entrepreneurial endeavours that would improve their own livelihood or that of others who have been affected? Whilst previous studies have found local knowledge, networks and resources to be crucial in the development of ventures in the war and conflict context, alienation from mainstream society within the host location often means that to succeed, those who are displaced require alternative strategies and approaches. Through examining the entrepreneurial ventures of six internally displaced entrepreneurs in Pakistan, our study identifies that entrepreneurial individuals find different ways to adapt to the new order, with both internal and external bricolage becoming the key strategies deployed to either re-establish their previous businesses or to develop new endeavours in the host location. To compensate for lack of local knowledge, networks and resources, we found that entrepreneurs followed closely their previous paths in their bricolage attempts, relying on reconfigurations of their pre-existing competencies, as well as utilizing pre-established and clandestine networks.     

有限资源的创造性利用——基于冗余资源的商业模式创新:以麦乐送为例

独特的商业模式有助于形成企业竞争优势。面对非理性和不确定的商业环境,是否存在一种更低成本、更低风险的商业模式创新途径?本文以麦当劳最近开展的麦乐送集中式送餐服务为研究案例,发现针对冗余资源进行创造性利用是一种很好的选择。     

“We make the shoes,you make the story” Teenage girls’ experiences of fashion: Bricolage,tactics and narrative identity

This article explores the ways that French teenage girls use fashion discourse to construct their evolving identity from their recently left childhood to their future as fully grown women. Verbatim texts of 14 phenomenological discussions concerning clothing, accessories, make‐up and fashion are interpreted using the concepts of bricolage (Lévi‐Strauss), tactics (Certeau) and narrative identity (Ric?ur). The findings resonate with Thompson and Haytko’s portrayal of a dialogical relationship between consumers and a system of countervailing fashion meanings and with Murray’s exposition of a dialectical and discursive tension between sign‐experimentation and sign‐domination. But beyond this we elucidate the process by which teenagers also acquire, from personal social milieu, skills and tactics through which they toy with preconstrained sartorial symbolism to construct the plot line of their own lives which, in turn, reflects their past, defines their present self and presages their future.