论慈禧太后与晚清维新运动的合离

慈禧太后在戊戌维新运动中的表现与她在晚清主导的三次变革中的表现是一致的，慈禧太后并不是我们通常所说的守旧派，她总体上是倾向于缓进变革而反对激进变革的。但这种变革必须服从和服务于她的专制统治的需要，否则就会受到严厉的禁止。她残酷地镇压戊戌变法运动就是这一基本思想的反映。     

我国地方创业引导基金运作方式及其母基金治理机制研究

针对地方政府纷纷设立创业投资引导基金的状况,围绕引导基金的目标定位,分析了地方引导基金的运行偏差,指出其运作方式及治理机制亟待规范.认为跟进投资和融资担保的运作方式直接以初创科技型企业为支持对象,背离了引导社会资金进入创业投资领域的政策意图.主张将地方引导基金定位为母基金,以有限合伙人或者类似优先股股东的身份,与公开招标的民营或外资知名创业投资机构及其专业管理团队合作,共同设立以初创科技型企业为主要投资对象的创业投资机构.为了更好地满足双重“引导”目标的要求,避免母基金参股可能发生的“导而不力”现象,提出了内部治理的权责制衡、激励相容和外部治理的绩效考核、信息披露等方面的对策建议.     

I Want to eat out,but something holding me back: Mom’s cooking stress and family dining out constraints

Restaurant visits have been declined in the past decades while preparing the meals at home has been increased. This study focuses on mother customers who are known as the leading providers of homemade meals and primary decision-makers in family dining out in the context of family dining. The purpose of the study is to examine (1) what issue related to home cooking causes mothers to dine out with family, (2) what keeps them from dining out, and (3) the relationship of their psychological influences (i.e., cooking stress, need for reward, desire to dine out, and dining out constraints) that occur within the family dining decision-making process. With a total of 644 mothers in the U.S, the findings reveal that the mother participants who are stressed out from cooking for their family seek a self-gifted reward for their daily effort and desire to dine out to escape from the burden of cooking duty, which leads them to participate in family dining. However, despite the dining desire, mothers also face the reasons to constrain dining out (i.e., interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints), and both constraints keep them from family dining out. The results of this study are expected to help family restaurants develop a healthful family dining environment and new strategies to entice mothers and family customers to visit family dining restaurants.     

Children's welfare exposure and subsequent development

We examine the extent to which children are exposed to the welfare system through their mother's receipt of benefits and its impact on several developmental outcomes. Using data from the matched mother-child file from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we find that children's welfare exposure is substantial. By age 10, over one-third of all children will have lived in a welfare household; black, non-Hispanic children face a much higher rate of exposure. Simple correlations suggest a strong negative relationship between maternal welfare receipt and children's outcomes. In this paper, we implement three alternative strategies (instrumental variables, sibling differences, and child fixed effects models) designed to identify whether this correlation can be attributed to the mother's welfare receipt directly or to other characteristics of mothers who receive welfare, regardless of whether or not those characteristics are observable to the researcher. Based on the results of all three estimation strategies, we find little evidence of any causal link between maternal welfare receipt and children's developmental outcomes.