RSS技术的应用和发展趋势探讨

RSS是以XML为基础,用于为内容整合客户端提供选择性的、汇总过的Web内容的技术规范。由于RSS具有简单、规范、通用、容易自动生成等特点,因此越来越多的网站也采用这种方式来发布最新信息。本论文先阐述RSS及其相关技术,接着提出RSS阅读器的一个具体实现,最后对RSS的发展趋势进行深一步的探讨。     

Can R&D-inducing green tariffs replace international environmental regulations?

This paper investigates the link between trade and environment by exploring the effects of green tariffs on innovation, location of production and the environment. It shows that tariffs levied on polluting goods could result in less world pollution than global harmonization of environmental standards by inducing more pollution-abatement R&D effort and generating lower unit emissions from production. Specifically, green tariffs reduce pollution by (1) shifting production to the region where environmental standards are respected, (2) inducing the firm in the clean country to engage in more abatement R&D by granting it a higher market power/share in its home market, (3) instigating green R&D investment by deterring delocation. When these outweigh the R&D-creating effect of environmental harmonization in the dirty country, green tariffs bring about a cleaner environment.     

Social learning with private and common values

Summary. We consider an environment where individuals sequentially choose among several actions. The payoff to an individual depends on her action choice, the state of the world, and an idiosyncratic, privately observed preference shock. Under weak conditions, as the number of individuals increases, the sequence of choices always reveals the state of the world. This contrasts with the familiar result for pure common-value environments where the state is never learned, resulting in herds or informational cascades. The medium run dynamics to convergence can be very complex and non-monotone: posterior beliefs may be concentrated on a wrong state for a long time, shifting suddenly to the correct state.Received: 6 January 2005, Revised: 5 May 2005, JEL Classification Numbers: C72, D82.Jacob K. Goeree: Correspondence toFinancial support from the National Science Foundation NSF (SBR-0098400 and SES-0079301) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Richard McKelvey posthumously for insights and conjectures about information aggregation that helped shape our thinking about the problem. We also acknowledge helpful comments from Kim Border, Tilman Börgers, Bogachen Celen, Luis Corchon, Matthew Jackson and seminar participants at University College London, the University of Arizona, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, the California Institute of Technology, the 2003 annual meeting of ESA in Pittsburgh, the 2003 Malaga Workshop on Social Choice and Welfare Economics, the 2003 SAET meetings in Rhodos, and the 2003 ESSET meetings in Gerzensee.     

Classical meets modern in the IDEA protocol for structured expert judgement

Expert judgement is pervasive in all forms of risk analysis, yet the development of tools to deal with such judgements in a repeatable and transparent fashion is relatively recent. This work outlines new findings related to an approach to expert elicitation termed the IDEA protocol. IDEA combines psychologically robust interactions among experts with mathematical aggregation of individual estimates. In particular, this research explores whether communication among experts adversely effects the reliability of group estimates. Using data from estimates of the outcomes of geopolitical events, we find that loss of independence is relatively modest and it is compensated by improvements in group accuracy.     

哈尔滨产业集聚化存在的问题及对策研究

产业集聚以其无可比拟的竞争优势,成为振兴哈尔滨老工业基地首要的战略模式选择。哈尔滨要实现老工业基地振兴的目标,不仅需要国家政策的支持,更需要依靠市场机制,利用本地优势产业的基础和资源禀赋,通过优势产业的集群规模效应,提高城市核心竞争力,促进全市产业结构的调整及产业集聚化的发展,实现振兴老工业基地的目标。     

构建现代旅游资源产权制度与旅游业可持续发展能力研究

“可持续发展”与“可持续发展能力”是有差异的,“可持续发展能力”是一个国家或地区为实现这种发展需求所具备的支付能力。根据环境经济学原理,运用可持续发展理论、产权理论,从理论与实践相结合的角度分析论证政府与旅游资源资产化形成的“聚合力”是旅游业可持续发展能力的“支付能力”,经济系统是旅游业可持续发展的能力的供给者。     

中国入世10周年与全球多边贸易体制的变化

本文回顾了中国加入世界贸易组织10年来的改革与发展历程,指出中国对全球多边贸易体制的主要贡献在于推动国际经贸发展、反对贸易保护主义、忠实履行多边贸易规则、努力协调多边贸易谈判、积极参与多边贸易机制建设以及切实维护发展中国家利益。10年来,多边贸易体制的变迁主要表现为力量结构、议题结构及外部透明度的变化。展望未来,多边贸易体制的改革应重在制度建设与反对贸易保护主义。基于加入世界贸易组织以来的实践经验,本文得出了我国参与全球经济治理的几点启示。     

港口物流业创新型研发人才集聚评价模型——基于长三角20个城市实证研究

创新型研发人才是宝贵的资源,其集聚水平的高低直接影响着经济的发展与社会的进步。论文在界定港口物流业创新型研发人才及总结人才集聚研究现状的基础上,建立港口物流业创新型研发人才集聚科学的指标体系,并以2010年长三角20个典型城市的数据为横截面进行研究,运用主成分分析法构建评价模型,得出长三角20个城市人才集聚水平的排名,并据此对20个城市进行聚类分析。研究发现：上海人才集聚水平远高于江浙两省;长三角城市群人才集聚水平呈圈层式发展;长三角各城市人才集聚水平的高低差异由五个子系统共同决定,其中经济和科研环境起着决定性作用。最后,针对港口物流业如何集聚人才、吸引人才,提出有指导性的行业人才集聚的对策建议。     

Post-War Productivity Patterns in U.S. Agriculture: Influences of Aggregation Procedures in a State-Level Analysis

Annual data for forty-eight states are used to account for changes in the composition of input and output aggregates over space and time, and thereby to obtain new evidence on changes in inputs, outputs, and productivity in U.S. agriculture. The measures change significantly when we use state-specific rather than national prices and when we allow for changes in the composition of the aggregates, especially of labor and capital inputs. We compare our estimates and those reported by Ball et al. ( American Journal of Agricultural Economics 81(1999):164–79). The national estimates are similar but substantial differences are found in state-level productivity growth.     

Aggregation and the Nature of Price Expectations

Market liquidity requires differences of opinion among traders, but market behavior is often modeled using just one representative agent. This paper aggregates trading activity across many traders, at least one of which has rational expectations. Equilibrium price expectations depend on individual risk preferences and the expectations of all traders. Results indicate that positive feedback traders comprise a statistically significant minority of traders that has grown with the prevalence of commodity pools.