影响农民收入水平提高的因素刍议

当前落后的二元经济结构、乡镇企业吸纳农村剩余劳动力能力减弱、第三产业发展不充分和农民自身素质有限、城镇化水平低、农民负担重等因素，都对农民收入水平的提高产生重要影响。     

"三农"问题与乡镇企业发展

从乡镇企业发展的角度,给出解决“三农”问题的一种可行性思路。乡镇企业是农村工业化和农业化的主要载体。只要加快调整乡镇企业的产业结构,大力发展乡镇企业集群,实现传统产业改造和高新技术产业发展的有机结合,乡镇企业就能在农民增收,农村经济发展方面担当重任。     

略论农民专业合作社法的经济法属性

从分析农民专业合作社法的部门法属性的必要性入手,在对农民专业合作社法所体现的经济法的一般属性分析的基础上,着重对农民专业合作社法的相关具体内容所体现出来的经济法"管理型"立法和"促进型"立法所具有的特殊属性进行具体分析,指明农民专业合作社法具有经济法属性.     

由生存经济看农村高利贷的表达与实践

本来是一个纯经济现象的高利贷问题,在文化与政治因素介入后,变成了一个复杂的意识形态问题.文化和政治对高利贷的"表达",深刻地影响了高利贷发展的"实践".明清以来的经验显示,高利贷本是一种生存借贷,置农村生存经济状态于不顾的单方面打击高利贷活动,不仅不能根除高利贷产生的土壤,反而加剧了高利贷的风险溢价,降低了小农的信贷可得性,恶化了小农的信贷状况.实际上,小农在借贷活动中,关心的主要是信贷可得性和利息额问题,而不是通常认为的利息率问题.对高利贷问题的不适当"表达",不利于农村融资问题的解决.让农民走出生存经济状况,才能根除高利贷产生的土壤.在仍处于发展中的小农经济状态时,不应将小农的生产借贷也推向生存借贷市场,加大农户的借贷成本,使得正常的生产性投资也难以进行,政策重点在于扶持农村的生产性借贷,千方百计地扩大小农的信贷可得性,并充分利用传统民间金融手段,而不是一味打击所谓的"高利贷".     

农民工农村土地置换城市社会保障的改革探析

农民工的城市生存需要社会保障，而他们远在家乡的土地不能提供城市生活保障，反而不利于农村土地规模经营。因此，农民工在农村土地承包权可以一次性转换为城市社会保障，但这种转换需要农村土地制度改革和相关的农地管理制度、农民工参保制度的改革相配合。     

Politics of rural land registration in post-socialist societies: Contested titling in villages of Northwest Vietnam

Land registration has been perceived as a precondition for secure property rights and agricultural development. Yet land registration has often failed to achieve its presumed benefits. This article explores the relationship between land registration, tenure security, and agricultural development in the context of post-socialist transformations. It focuses on one key difference between socialist property and the notions underlying post-socialist land laws: socialist property law accommodated the existence of multiple layers of social control over land whereas post-socialist land legislation promotes exclusive land rights. Post-socialist land rights are exclusive in the sense that the new laws do not recognize any intermediate layers of control between the landholder and the state. The paper draws on a case study of land registration in a commune in north-western Vietnam. The research included semi-structured interviews with 65 randomly selected households and informal conversations during extended stays in the commune as well as the collection of government statistics and interpretation of SPOT images. Its results demonstrate that villagers opposed land registration and refused to comply with its rules, although registration would have strengthened villagers’ legal rights to land. The villagers resisted land registration because the new land rights conflicted with their actual land relations, which included more layers of social control than land registration could accommodate. At the same time, although land registration failed to take effect in the villages, agricultural output expanded and the forest regenerated. The findings therefore suggest the need for adjusting land registration to accommodate intermediate layers of control over land where land claims are not as exclusive as assumed by the existing legislation.     

我国实施"工业反哺农业"过程中的两个误区及其超越

谈到“工业反哺农业”,人们更多的会想到扩大对农民的直接补贴.笔者认为,受政府财力和农民文化水平的制约,片面强调直接补贴反而没有把钱“用在刀刃上”,容易走入误区.“工业反哺农业”更重要的应表现为加大财政用于农业的支出以及为农民提供公共产品上.只有这样,农民收入的增加才能真正得以实现.此外,笔者认为农村城镇化不能搞运动.城镇化是一个自然过程,如果一味求快,或者人为地做计划,往往适得其反.本文旨在对这两个误区进行剖析,并为正确进行“工业反哺农业”提出几点建议.     

广西农民增收情况分析

以广西农民增收为研究对象,通过分析2000-2015年数据发现广西农民收入保持较快速度增长。采用极差、平均差、标准差指标计算后发现广西农民收入区域差异大。广西通过发展现代特色农业、促进就业、培育新型农业经营主体、深化农村重点领域改革促进农民增收。广西农民增收面临的困难主要是工资性收入贡献太小、经营净收入增收难度大、财产净收入占比太小、农民增收区域差异大。建议从支持农民就业创业、加快农村一二三产业融合、深化农村产权制度改革、加快贫困地区发展等方面促进广西农民增收。     

Land reform and peasant revolution. Evidence from 1930s Spain

We analyze the impact of failed land reform on peasant conflict in Spain before the Civil War using a municipal data set with monthly observations of peasant conflict in Andalusia from April 1931 to July 1936. We find temporary occupations of land were rare and not correlated with either organized reaction to land reform or the existence of a large pool of beneficiaries. Potential beneficiaries of reform struck more often in the period of land reform deployment, especially in towns with a legacy of domination by a noble family and no previous experience of reform. There is some evidence that actual land reform implementation reduced strikes, most prominently in towns that had not been affected by land reform until the 1930s. We argue both sets of evidence suggest that faster re-distribution would have reduced conflict and that the effects of incomplete land reform were stronger in towns with no previous history of land reform.     

务农农民社会保障体系的构建设想

社会保障是体现社会公平的重要内容之一。但我国目前将占人口较大比例的农民排除在社会保障体系之外,这就有失社会保障体现社会公平的最初目标。随着我国经济的不断发展．我国农民这一群体逐渐分化为具有鲜明特征的三类群体：一是失地农民;二是在城乡之间流动的农民,即“农民工”;三是到目前为止仍然从事农业生产的农民。针对我国务农农民生产、生活特点,务农农民社会保障体系的构建应注意三个方面：第一,建立强制的医疗和生育险;第二,在务农农民养老保险的设计上,应采取在继续强化现行的农村“五保”的前提下,推行以家庭养老为主、社会养老和商业养老为辅的养老模式;第三,建立农村最低生活保障制度。