独立董事制度实施效果分析——基于上市公司关联交易的证据

本文借助独立董事在监管大股东与上市公司之间的关联交易来研究独立董事制度实施的效果。我们的实证结果表明，我国独立董事在关联交易方面是起到了积极的作用。也就是说独立董事的实施起到了应有的效果。     

股权投资差额及后续追加投资差额的会计处理

股权投资差额是指长期股权投资采用权益法核算时,投资企业的初始投资成本与应享有被投资单位所有者权益份额之间的差额。企业采用权益法核算长期股权投资,初次投资时产生的股权投资差额进行了摊销或者计入了资本公积,后来企业又追加投资产生新的股权投资差额,应结合初次投资产生的股权投资差额一并考虑,分别按与初次投资时产生的股权投资差额方向相同与否进行处理。     

Option-based compensation: a survey

Despite empirical research and theoretical validity, there is mixed evidence on whether employee stock options align interests between management and shareholders by turning managers into owners. What used to be a functional tool introduced in the 1950s, has gotten out of hand, as perceived by the press and popular literature. The main catalyst is the accounting treatment stock options receive. This paper provides an overview of the empirical research in the field and discusses the current accounting treatment of employee stock options and impending changes. We conclude by proposing alternative compensation tools.     

Valuation effects of corporate social responsibility

This paper develops a valuation model of the firm that provides for the expenditure of corporate resources in support of community, social or environmental causes. We show that under certain circumstances CSR expenditures create value for the firm. We also test our model by simulations and confirm that, at least under some conditions, CSR does pay off in the form of value creation.     

Creditors’ and Shareholders’ Reporting Demands in Public Versus Private Firms: Evidence from Europe*

In this study we investigate whether the importance of accounting information in contracting and communication with shareholders and creditors affects earnings timeliness in publicly disclosed general‐purpose financial statements. To operationalize the relationship between timeliness demands and the importance of accounting information to shareholders and creditors, we compare the (asymmetry in) earnings timeliness of public firms with that of private firms. We attribute public versus private firm differences in timeliness to shareholders’ demands when a country’s institutions provide strong investor protection. Similarly, we attribute these differences to creditors’ demands when the institutions provide strong creditor protection. Our analysis of public and private firms in 13 Western European countries suggests that creditors and shareholders have different timeliness demands. In particular, we find that the public versus private firm difference in asymmetric timeliness is not associated with a country’s degree of investor protection but positively associated with a country’s degree of creditor protection. The results further suggest that shareholders demand symmetric rather than asymmetric timeliness. An important implication of our study is that general‐purpose financial statements are responsive to creditors’ reporting demands, which contrasts with the idea that these — primarily private — creditors would use special‐purpose reports.     

上市公司股权制衡的混沌模型

上市公司股权结构问题一直是公司治理的焦点,目前的研究都运用线性研究方法,但其得出的结论往往很难解释呈现非线性的经济现象。本文的创新之处在于:运用新经济理论与混沌理论相结合的非线性思维的方法,利用最新的上市公司财务数据分析了大股东的最佳持股比例范围,设计了上市公司大股东持股的混沌模型,从而得出第一大股东持股比例范围在(0,19.21%)为佳,并在此基础上利用Logistic方程,构建了理想的上市公司股权制衡模型。     

上市公司同业竞争法律问题探讨

股份公司在上市的过程中,由于公司控股股东投资多元化,经常会遇到控股股东同时投资于相同或相近行业而产生同业竞争问题。同业竞争问题处理得当与否关系到股份公司能否顺利上市以及上市后的正常经营活动,是值得深入研究的课题。本文从法理上对同业竞争问题的法律性质进行定性分析,并结合目前我国上市公司对此问题的具体解决方案进行实证研究,最后得出在我国现有的法律框架内同业竞争问题解决的最佳方案,以期能为拟上市公司的实践提供理论支持。     

金字塔股权结构、股权制衡与终极股东侵占

上市公司终极股东行为深受金字塔股权结构形态和内部权力配置及结构的影响。我国上市公司的经验数据表明上市公司终极股东侵占行为选择与金字塔股权结构形态特征正相关,与两权分离程度负相关。金字塔股权结构的内部制衡机制不仅直接影响股东侵占行为,并能够强化金字塔基本形态的影响作用。为保护中小股东的权益不受侵占,应完善公司治理结构,规范信息披露制度,并加强对上市公司大股东的监管。     

营运资本政策的稳健性是否会受大股东社会资本的影响

文章基于“关系是形成社会资本的基础”这一思想,研究了我国 A 股上市公司大股东社会资本对公司营运资本政策稳健性的影响。实证研究发现,大股东社会资本数量与营运资本稳健性显著正相关,大股东社会资本对公司营运资本政策的稳健程度具有积极的正向影响;进而,不同关系强度的股东社会资本的治理效应不尽相同,强关系型社会资本较弱关系型社会资本更能促进利益协同效应的发挥。文章研究证实,大股东社会资本作为“隐形权力”的存在影响了“显性”的股权比例对营运资本政策的影响。     

上市公司独立董事数量:大股东间的博弈均衡点

既定数量的独立董事是大股东之间以法规要求作为约束条件博弈的结果,加上独立董事提名平均分配机制的存在,导致了独立董事数量的超额或不足.以2005年和2008年沪深证券交易所的A股上市公司为总样本的经验研究发现:独立董事超额的公司均衡点临近股东持股比例差的均值显著小于独立董事不足的公司.在考虑了其他相关控制变量后,logistic回归结果表明,独立董事均衡点临近股东持股比例差显著影响独立董事数量.此外,控股股东性质和公司规模也对独立董事数量产生影响.