The conservative equal costs rule, the serial cost sharing rule and the pivotal mechanism: asymptotic welfare loss comparisons for the case of an excludable public project

We examine the asymptotic behavior of two strategyproof mechanisms discussed by Moulin for public goods – the conservative equal costs rule (CER) and the serial cost sharing rule (SCSR) – and compare their performance to that of the pivotal mechanism (PM) from the Clarke–Groves family. Allowing the individuals’ valuations for an excludable public project to be random variables, we show under very general assumptions that expected welfare loss generated by the CER, as the size of the population increases, becomes arbitrarily large. However, all moments of the SCSR’s random welfare loss asymptotically converge to zero. The PM does better than the SCSR, with its welfare loss converging even more rapidly to zero.     

中国股市对经济增长作用的实证检验

关于金融体系和经济增长之间关系的争论由来已久。本文在分析国外关于这一争论的研究成果的基础上,对中国的股票市场发展与经济增长之间的关系做了一系列实证检验,考察了金融体系的一个组成部分———股票市场与经济增长的关系。检验结果说明,中国股市发展与经济增长之间的相关性不高,回归结果也不能说明中国股市发展会推动经济增长。     

The Influences of Teacher Knowledge and Authentic Formative Assessment on Student Learning in Technology Education

Students involved in holistic technological practice need to develop an understanding of technological practice outside the classroom and to participate in tasks set as close as practicable to actual technological practice. This paper investigates the context of assessment and its relationship to achievement and the importance of teacher knowledge to student technological practice. I argue that ‘out of context’ assessment tasks do not give an accurate indication of achievement levels of the children assessed. Introduced is the Model of Student Technological Practice, which identifies four constraints that influence student technological practice. A significant factor is teacher knowledge, as it impacts greatly on the quality of feedback given to students by their teachers. Timely teacher intervention and formative assessment feedback will alter student technological practice and should improve the students’ likelihood of developing successful outcomes.     

论英美法系国家的展示性证据

英美法系的展示性证据是一种有形证据,但不是一种实际存在的证据或事实,而是一种解说性证据,或者说律师用来提高举证说服力的证明方法。在法庭中使用展示性证据可以使自己的思想更容易被审理者理解和接受,尤其当涉及复杂的、技术性、科学性、数值性的案件。展示性证据包括图表、照片、摘要、模型、录像资料、事件的重建和演示等类型。展示性证据在开场陈述和结案陈词中都被律师广泛运用。     

What influences consumers’ intention to purchase organic personal care products? The role of social reassurance

Green and organic markets have grown rapidly in recent times, thanks to the increasing global popularity of having a healthier lifestyle. Rising consumer awareness of the risks of synthetic chemicals for humans as well as the environment have boosted the demand for organic personal care products (PCPs). To better understand the micro-mechanisms guiding the organic PCPs buying process, this study builds on the social proof theory by examining the drivers leading this process in two different national contexts. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to conduct a multigroup analysis on a sample of 473 consumers (n = 266 from Spain, n = 207 from Italy). Findings reveal the significant role of environmental value, product knowledge, convenience & quality, and information adoption. Furthermore, the study introduces and validates the new construct ‘social reassurance’ explaining the psychological mechanisms leading the organic PCPs buying process.     

基于链式中介效应的真实型领导对员工创新行为影响研究

基于社会认知理论和价值观理论,考察了真实型领导对员工创新行为的复杂影响机制。以374份企业员工数据为样本,通过层级回归分析和Bootstrap方法进行假设检验,研究结果表明：真实型领导对员工创新行为具有显著正向影响;不确定性规避和创新自我效能感在真实型领导与员工创新行为之间分别发挥部分中介作用,而且发挥了链式中介作用,即真实型领导通过降低不确定性规避程度影响员工的创新自我效能感,进而鼓励了员工的创新。     

从控制权利益看上市公司融资行为

上市公司(特别是国有控股上市公司)治理结构的主要特征是内部人控制.上市公司的管理层和控股股东的实际控制人共同构成内部人,内部人共同分享控制权利益带来的好处.监管政策的出发点是降低控制权利益,减少内部人(控股股东和管理层)与中小股东、债权人的利益冲突,维护市场的"三公"原则.     

从人才国际化视角评析中国高校商务英语专业建设架构

面对21世纪日益突出的人才国际化的培养需求，中国高等院校肩负着不可推卸的历史使命。商务英语作为一个为国家对外往来提供智力资源的重要领域，其建设与发展直接关系到未来该专业输出人才的质量。在专业的体系设置上，需要照顾到知识与技能双方面的提升；在教材的选编方面，应该重视语料的真实性及结构的系统性；加强师资培训的力度在很大程度上也能为培养国际化人才提供坚实的保障。     

Another Graphical Proof of Arrow's Impossibility Theorem

Arrow's (1951) Impossibility Theorem is the idea that, given several well-known assumptions, the social orderings of particular alternatives that are meant to reflect individuals' preferences must match the preferences of an arbitrary individual (the dictator). A social-choice rule other than dictatorship is impossible. Following from Fountain (2000), the author presents another graphical proof of the theorem that is intended to be more accessible to students and teachers of economics. The principal strength of this approach is that the patterns of agreements and conflicts over all possible combinations of two individuals' rankings of alternatives are transparent; appreciating these patterns is the key to intuitively understanding Arrow's theorem. A self-test for readers (or a classroom exercise for students) is included.     

表见证明在学生人身伤害事故诉讼中的适用

表见证明是依据一般的生活经验法则来推定待证事实的存在与否,不涉及实体法上的规定,只是在诉讼中对经验规则适应的评价。在学生人身伤害事故中引入表见证明,可以减轻当事人的举证责任,保护弱势学生一方的合法权益,也有利于法官正确认定案件事实,提高了诉讼效率。在诉讼中,法官也要充分保障学校对表见证明提出反证的权利。