我国刑罚轻缓化的经济分析——兼论罚金刑和自由刑的适用

刑罚轻缓化已经成为刑罚结构改革的总体趋势,通过对刑罚轻缓化的经济分析,我们可以挖掘出刑罚轻缓化背后深层次的原因,那就是＂高概率的惩罚与轻刑化＂的组合是预防和控制犯罪最为经济有效的方式,而轻刑化即我们所谓的刑罚轻缓化。在刑罚轻缓化的背景之下,透视罚金刑与自由刑的适用,我们可以发现罚金刑更符合刑罚轻缓化之意旨,应提升到主刑的地位,未来我国的刑罚结构改革也应以罚金刑为主导,而自由刑只起辅助的作用。     

Get out of jail! Locked up and detained abroad – when tourists become prisoners

The number of foreigners getting arrested, detained or imprisoned each year is increasing. This can occur at instances throughout the journey from airport, to hotel to local tourist hotspots. The tourist can become both the victim of a crime or the instigator, with either one leading to detention. Arrest and imprisonment can occur out of a wilful criminal act or cultural insensitivity to local culture, norms and rules. Often the tourist is unprepared and can find themselves within a traumatic and incomprehensible experience compounded by several dimensions such as isolation, limited access, poor diet and unawareness of what is happening due to foreign languages, cultures and regulations. As an unwanted product, the travel and hospitality industry rarely informs travellers of possible imprisonment and the consequences of such; the marketing aim is to put the most positivist spin on the travel experience. Within this reluctance to inform travellers, the provision of information and assistance on traveller detention has been assigned chiefly to government agencies and related non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The article discusses expanding the industry's response. Recommendations of greater collaboration with government and being more responsible to their guests and customers by enhancing communication of the issue throughout the travel process are given.     

论我国审前羁押制度的完善

从我国现行刑事诉讼法的规定和刑事司法实践来看,我国的审前羁押制度尚存在不足之处,与无罪推定原则相违背,审前羁押制度改革完善的出发点是将其准确定位为保证刑事诉讼顺利进行的例外性的措施,在对其准确定位的基础上,从刑事拘留、逮捕、监视居住等方面提出了我国审前羁押制度的相应完善建议。