China–US trade: implications on conflicts

ABSTRACT

In this study, we examine various aspects of China’s trade, the U.S.’ trade, and the bilateral trade between the two countries. The analysis of each aspect has direct and indirect implications on trade conflicts between the two countries. We focus on important factors, such as the growth of trade, import penetration, increased competitiveness of Chinese firms, comparative advantages of Chinese goods, China’s WTO entry and its compliance, and bilateral trade imbalance. While each of the factors can lead to trade frictions, individual factors will not have led to a large-scale trade war. These factors converge within a brief period and thus can be considered the China shock, thereby making other countries’ adjustments to their economic structures difficult. Therefore, trade frictions are inevitable.     

WTO环境下贸易摩擦及中国对策

经济全球化趋势的不断加强,世界各国经济交往愈加紧密。由于经济发展不平衡及利益不一致,国家之间贸易摩擦日趋激烈。入世以来,中国与其他国家贸易摩擦频繁发生,已经成为中国对外开放中面临的重大问题。为保证中国外贸出口持续发展,必须在深入研究贸易摩擦产生的背景、发展趋势及其特点的基础上,以增强自身实力为根本,通过采取完善贸易救济体系、加快制度调整和创新、加强技术认证工作、扩大内需等措施,为我国外贸发展创造良好的外部环境。     

落地式多绳摩擦提升机双层罐笼更换方案

落地式多绳摩擦提升机双层罐笼更换工艺复杂,参与人员多,作业时间长。施工工序主要有拆除安全设施、罐道木,解除罐笼端平衡绳并固定,解除悬挂装置与罐笼的连接轴销并脱开悬挂装置并固定,安装自制专用梁及专用滑车,用稳车和小卷扬拉出旧罐笼、拉入新罐笼,撤出安装专用梁及专用滑车,新罐笼与悬挂装置、平衡绳的连接,安全设施安装,试运行等步骤组成。     

Reconceptualizing cultural distance: The role of cultural experience reserve in cross-border acquisitions

Cultural distance is one of the most widely used distance construct in international business. However, scholars have long questioned the notion that cultural distance has a homogenous impact on organizational actions and performance. We redress this by examining how the relationship between cultural differences and deal abandonment in cross-border acquisitions is contingent on firm-level cultural experience reserve and industry affiliation. Drawing on the organizational learning theory and cultural friction perspective, we first propose that the cultural experience reserve of a focal firm mitigates the positive impact of cultural differences on cross-border deal abandonment. We then hypothesize that the firm's industry context affects the uncertainties associated with cultural differences. Our findings based on a sample of 197 Indian services sector firms support our theoretical predictions.     

Taking financial frictions to the data

We estimate a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with various financial frictions and analyze how well the model explains the Great Recession. Predictive analysis shows that the model can only slightly better explain the large deviation from trend during the crisis relative to a model without financial frictions. Specifically, the risk premium shock, which is a shock to the external finance premium of the entrepreneurs׳ leverage, explains the largest part of the investment downfall during the crisis. However, the ‘balance sheet’ channel of financial frictions in the model, which structurally links balance sheet conditions of financial intermediaries and nonfinancial borrowers to their borrowing rates, is estimated to be weak. We examine alternative prior specifications for how the financial frictions enter the model and continue to find a limited role for these frictions. Rolling-window estimation provides evidence for substantial time variation in parameters governing financial frictions. We conclude that the well-known financial frictions studied in this paper are not able to explain the financial crisis in a linearized and estimated model.     

中美贸易摩擦产生的原因及对策

近年来，中关贸易增长的幅度和速度非常迅速，双边关系日益密切。然而由于贸易发展速度过快，中关贸易不平衡问题逐渐显现出来，贸易摩擦是其主要表现形式。本着重分析了中美贸易摩擦产生的原因及解决的对策。     

中国频繁遭遇贸易摩擦的原因及其对策

改革开放以来,中国对外贸易发展迅速并取得了巨大成就,但与其他发达国家（地区）相比,对外贸易的发展之路仍很漫长。外部环境的不确定性和自身素质不高等因素给中国对外贸易带来了干扰和阻碍,尤其是在后危机时代,由此引起的贸易摩擦已成为中国进一步融入世界经济过程中的一个难以回避且需要谨慎处理的主要障碍。因此,如何妥善处理对外贸易摩擦,并有效跨越贸易壁垒,进而实现对外贸易又好又快发展,是摆在中国面前的一大难题。本文首先从外部层面和内部层面入手分析了中国频繁遭遇贸易摩擦的主要原因,接着提出构建和完善应对贸易摩擦的预警机制和快速反应机制,并分别从政府、行业协会和企业等不同层面提出了相应的对策和建议,以有效应对并跨越频繁遭遇的贸易壁垒,进而促进中国对外贸易的健康和持续发展。     

桩基负摩阻力特性研究探讨

在桩基工程中,因负摩阻力问题造成工程事故屡有发生,负摩阻力问题相关研究现在越来越受到重视。本文介绍了桩基负摩阻力产生机理及影响因素,简要论述了其研究现状,并探讨了现今桩基负摩阻力特性研究中存在的主要问题。     

标准化与中国出口产品的国际竞争力

标准化水平已成为各国各地区核心竞争力的基本要素,谁制定的标准为世界所认同,谁就掌握了产业游戏规则的话语权。标准化通过实现规模经济、降低企业成本等机制提高出口产品国际竞争力。运用中国的实际数据,从宏观上分析中国标准化建设的现状以及由此导致的贸易摩擦,论证了标准化建设与一国出口产品竞争力之间的紧密关系,为中国标准化建设与出口产品竞争力的提高提出合理的建议。     

基于偏度的多期证券投资组合模型研究

在考虑资产收益率分布中正的偏度水平前提下,以风险价值VaR为约束条件,并引入非线性交易费用、税收等市场摩擦因素,建立以累积偏度最大为目标函数的多期投资组合优化模型,用罚函数法和PSO算法结合求解此模型,并给出实证分析。考虑到在买卖资产风险时交易费用等对投资收益的影响,投资者应该在每一期都对其资产组合进行调整分析,确保在每一期的开始都建立起符合需要的最优资产组合,这对投资者的连续投资行为具有一定的指导意义。