文化差异对中国大学生英语写作的影响

文化差异对学生的外语学习尤其是写作影响很大。文化差异对篇章结构、语句结构、措词和修辞都产生影响。     

“People First—Always”: Euphemism and Rhetoric as Troublesome Influences on Organizational Sense-Making—A Downsizing Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of euphemism and rhetoric in influencing organizational members' constructions of reality and sense-making abilities. The discussion opens with a return to the role of the sociology of knowledge, before exploring the purpose and outcomes of euphemism and rhetoric. Heideggerian phenomenology was used to collect this particularly poignant story from Adrian (a pseudonym), who was made redundant from his workplace after heart bypass surgery. Weick's theoretical exposition of sense-making in organizations is used to examine Adrian's story, with the purpose of demonstrating that sense-making is highly influenced by the use of rhetoric and euphemism (K. E. Weick, 1995, Sense-making in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage). When the truth finally comes out, the outcome is seen to be serious—even life threatening.     

Preserving a Professional Institution: Emotion in Discursive Institutional Work

We studied the discursive institutional work written by pharmacy leaders as part of a larger institutional project to preserve the institution of pharmacy. Our analysis of monthly editorials printed in the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association from 1960 to 2003 shows how different discrete emotions were systematically incorporated in specific rhetorical argument structures over the course of an institutional project. In contrast to previous research, we show how discursive institutional work that is directed to members of the same specific social group (e.g., a profession) can vary over time in response to significant events and changes in practices of the target audience. Our longitudinal study shows that the relative frequency of argument types, the incorporation of emotion, and the content of rhetorical argumentation changed over time. We contribute to theory about the role of emotions in discursive institutional work by unpacking the role of discrete emotions and showing how such discourse evolves over time in concert with field conditions.     

The rhetorical fantasy of energy transitions: implications for energy policy and analysis

This article explores the rhetoric of four energy transitions. It begins by summarising research on the intersection of fantasy, technology and the sociology of expectation. It then looks at how ideas of progress, modernity, cheapness, abundance and hope influence the way society perceives new energy technologies, causing them to overestimate benefits and underestimate challenges. Our rhetorical analysis finds in case studies of steam engines, gasoline automobiles, hydroelectric dams and nuclear reactors that newly ‘discovered’ sources of energy or newly invented technologies are always assumed to provide infinitely abundant energy and to have the potential to create positive utopian changes in society. We conclude by noting the salient implications of these rhetorical themes for energy planners, analysts and scholars.     

试论魏晋南北朝的辞章理论成就

我国魏晋南北朝是古代汉语辞章学的奠基时期:在体式、风格方面,已开始区分文与笔;出现了中国古代辞章学第一篇综合性的文论——魏·曹丕《典论·论文》;以荀粲为代表的言不尽意说、以王弼为代表的得意忘言说、以欧阳建为代表的言尽意说的言意论以及许多名家各具代表性的辞章理论,如晋·陆机《文赋》、葛洪《抱朴子》、南朝·梁·刘勰《文心雕龙》、钟嵘《诗品》、萧统编辑的《文选》等都对后世辞章理论与实践作出重要的贡献,产生深远的影响;尤其是南朝·梁·刘勰《文心雕龙》是第一部最全面、最系统、体大思精的中国古代辞章学专著,堪称中国古代辞章学的奠基之作。     

Contesting authentic practice and ethical authority in adventure tourism

This paper examines the discourses of authenticity and ethics employed by adventure tourists regarding the use of the natural environment. In one case, full-time traveling rock climbers use their dedication to the sport and annual visits to the Red River Gorge as evidence for their authoritative voice on ethical climbing practice. While they identify the growing numbers of leisure climbers as a problem for sustainability, many also take up temporary employment as guides and are directly involved in the introduction of new climbers to the area. In another case, two groups of wilderness enthusiasts – “ADK 46ers” and “Summit Stewards” – lament the environmental and social impacts of other recreational users in the Adirondack Park. Despite being visitors themselves, Summit Stewards and 46ers use their sense of place and knowledge of Adirondack history and ecology to substantiate their authority as purveyors of ethical practice. In both cases, senses of responsibility are inspired by senses of place, but are articulated through notions of authenticity and used as justification for ethical authority. While validating their presence in these outdoor spaces, the use of such rhetoric also minimizes their own impacts yielding further tensions among user groups.     

从句层修辞操作角度看英语写作中的性别差异

在英语写作中,男女生在英语写作中体现出来的句层修辞操作能力存在显著差异。因此,在写作教学中英语教师应充分考虑性别差异,有意识地加强女生的即存优势,重点培养男生的句子修辞操作意识和兴趣。     

西方电影中的隐喻修辞

隐喻是电影语言的一种重要修辞手段,在视觉上具有强烈的情绪感染力,对西方先锋派电影和苏联诗派电影产生过重要影响。但一味追求隐喻修辞也容易使电影语言走向困境,它必须与其他修辞融合才能体现自身独特的语言价值,从而使电影语言具有时代精神。     

Reproducing “rhetrickery” in online fertility marketing: harnessing the “rhetoric of the possible”

ABSTRACT

This article addresses the gap in research on visual and narrative persuasion in online fertility marketing contexts and reveals their reliance on rhetorical ruses embedded in the language of “choice” and “empowerment”. We assess four websites targeting women and men who have experienced infertility and expose their “digirhetrickery”, or use of deceptive rhetoric in digital space which exploits gendered stereotypes of the female body in ways that ultimately mislead their target markets about assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and the “liberatory” potential they offer. We advance digital rhetoric as an analytical method to the field of consumer research in order to engage in a reflexive analysis that reveals these underhand ideological operations. As “authorial voices” and narrative agents in digital advertising discourse are more cunningly subterranean, this study shows how the instrumentalization of “consumer empowerment” has become increasingly hyperbolic with particularly problematic consequences for infertile women consumers.     

潜性与显性修辞原则：诚信与得体

修辞的原则是修辞界讨论较多的内容，但把修辞的原则分解为潜性原则和显性原则采讨论，尚不多见。修辞应该有潜性原则和显性原则之分。修辞的潜性原则是诚信，它是内在的，看不见，摸不着的；修辞的显性原则是得体，它是外在的，听得见，感受得到的。诚信是表达的出发点和落脚点。得体是诚信的结果和表现形式。诚信必须通过得体这个美丽的外衣来显现。但诚信和得体之问是非对称关系，因此，不可逆向推断。