When Does an Inflation Target Yield the Second Best?

It is shown that an inflation target does not establish the second best if the central bank is independent and the government collects seigniorage revenues. To eliminate excessive inflation and ensure that stabilization is efficient, society should combine an optimal inflation target with a central bank that attaches less weight to inflation stabilization than the public does.     

财政赤字、铸币收入与通货膨胀

当政府出现较严重的财政赤字时,增收铸币税具有重要意义。在面临通货膨胀威胁时,必须适当放慢货币供应速度,减少铸币收入。理论证明,在通货膨胀严重时期,减少铸币税可以有效缓解通货膨胀。     

中央银行票据:终将消逝的政策工具

本文对我国2002年以来发行中央银行票据的背景和调控原理进行了分析.从我国货币政策和汇率政策协调的角度看,中央银行票据的发行是这两大政策冲突的表现,是货币当局试图同时实现人民币内外币值稳定的无奈之举.作者解释了中央银行票据无力承担主流政策工具的理由,并认为国债在未来将最终代替中央银行票据成为货币当局操作的主要政策工具.     

论铸币税的征收

当前我国宏观经济政策的实际执行效果并不理想 ,内需仍然不足 ,低物价、低就业和经济的低效率始终困扰着我国的经济。征收铸币税 ,可进一步扩大内需 ,推动经济的良性循环。     

关于铸币税问题的思考

铸币税不是一种税,而是指铸造货币所获得的收入;发行货币是铸币税的源泉,铸币税是中央银行发行货币的结果;现代经济制度下,铸币税是指中央银行的货币发行所获得的利润。     

Dollarization,Seigniorage, and Prices: The Case of North Korea

This study employs a general equilibrium monetary search model to examine the effects of the recent dollarization in North Korea on seigniorage and prices. Maximum seigniorage is generated at a high rate of money growth when dollarization is mild. However, under a high degree of dollarization seigniorage declines sharply when the money growth rate is high. Accordingly, seigniorage can be increased by de-dollarizing the economy through lowering the money growth rate. This finding implies that the post-2013 price stabilization may be a result of the restriction on printing of money with the aim of increasing seigniorage. This finding also recognizes that the North Korean authorities have little room for maneuver on monetary policy under the conditions of widespread dollarization.     

国际铸币税收支逆差背景下人民币汇率与利率的协调

人民币国际化使我国获得国际铸币税收入,外汇储备的增加又使我国产生国际铸币税支出,由于近年来外汇储备增加的规模大于境外人民币增加的规模,我国一直处于国际铸币税收支逆差,国际铸币税逆差会对我国宏观经济产生重要影响.本文分析了在不同的汇率和利率制度下国际铸币税逆差对我国宏观经济的影响,并提出相关政策建议.     

Interdependence of ASEAN-5 Stock Markets from the US and Japan

Abstract

During the 12 years since 1992 when people started to use the dollar as a currency in Cambodia, the share of the dollar has reached more than 70% of the total currency. This dollarization phenomenon has resulted in large seigniorage losses for the Cambodian government. The costs are estimated up to US$682 million at the end of 2004 with an additional US$61 million lost annually. Furthermore, there are many other kinds of costs caused by the side effects of seigniorage loss. Without siegiorage, some monetary, fiscal and foreign trade policies are no longer available. Worsening the distortion of income distribution is another side effect. These are major costs of dollarization over the direct seigniorage loss. The benefits of dollarization include stabilizing price levels and lowering the risk of national default during a foreign currency crisis. It is not difficult to conclude that the costs of dollarization outweigh the benefits.

There are two de-dollarization methods. One is a policy that prohibits people from using the dollar as a currency by law. The other is the policy that widens the difference of the costs and the benefits of using dollars, also by law. Either method is applicable but it seems reasonable that the method of prohibition by direct law would be more effective and efficient than the other method, since 84% of the total population exclusively uses the riel in Cambodia.

It is totally dependent on the decision of the Cambodian government whether or not a de-dollarization policy is adopted. The results of the decision, for good or ill, will rest finally with the people of Cambodia.     

Seigniorage and public good in an OLG model with cash-in-advance constraints

This paper is a contribution to the theory of the optimal monetary policy in overlapping generations models with a cash-in-advance constraint applying on old age consumption purchases. We are particularly interested in the study of seigniorage when the latter is used to finance public goods valued by consumers. Assuming that a public good enters the utility function and the existence of cash-in-advance constraints, we find a Laffer curve of seigniorage at steady-state. We also analyze the dynamic optimal monetary policy when the government maximizes an intertemporal social welfare function and can only resort to seigniorage to finance the purchases of the public good. We show that the optimal rate of money growth may be strictly higher than the one which maximizes steady-state seigniorage: the optimal amount of seigniorage may lie on the decreasing part of the Laffer curve of seigniorage. We finally suppose that the government can use lump-sum taxes in addition to seigniorage. Then, the Friedman rule prevails and public expenditures are only financed through lump-sum taxes.     

赤字财政、公债货币化与税收国家的危机

凯恩斯革命颠覆了平衡预算的古典财政原则,而代之以倾向于赤字扩张的功能财政,功能财政下产生的预算赤字实际上是借助公债货币化来弥补的,由此,铸币税、通货膨胀税在国家财政收入中扮演着越来越重要的角色,并深刻地引发了税收国家的危机。本文从财政社会学的视角探讨了这一理路发展,并从财政立宪和货币立宪的角度审视了现代国家的建构问题。