巢湖虾蟹产业经济发展战略研究

虾蟹是我国重要的养殖品种,发展虾蟹产业对优化渔业经济结构,促进农渔民增收,保障市场有效供给都具有十分重要的意义。巢湖是安徽省乃至长江中下游地区水产品重要生产地,本文对巢湖虾蟹产业发展的现状与特点进行了阐述,并剖析了制约巢湖虾蟹产业发展的主要问题,提出必须从科技创新、产业结构、产品质量、组织化程度等方面采取措施,进一步做大做强巢湖虾蟹产业。     

舟山市对虾养殖业可持续发展的问题及对策

近几年来,舟山市的对虾养殖业发展迅速,为舟山市的粮食安全、食物供给、经济增长、就业做出了很大贡献。然而,对虾养殖所产生的环境、社会和经济问题也不断暴露,对虾养殖业的可持续发展问题面临巨大挑战。论文首先阐述了水产养殖业可持续发展的理论由来,接着分析了舟山市对虾养殖业目前的发展状况,最后针对舟山市对虾养殖业中出现的各种问题,提出了相应的政策建议,为舟山市对虾养殖确定科学的发展方向提供了一定参考。     

中国对虾产业发展现状及国际竞争力提升对策

2010年中国对虾总产量持续位居世界之首,然而出口量和出口金额均小于同期的泰国;同时,出口单价也低于同期的越南,中国对虾生产与贸易面临着来自泰国、越南和印度尼西亚等国强有力的竞争。本项研究通过对我国对虾产业发展现状的考证,最后提出应建立对虾产业整合协调机制,提升对虾产业组织化水平,是提升中国对虾产业国际竞争力的有效手段。     

Valuing Mangrove-Fishery Linkages – A Case Study of Campeche, Mexico

This paper explores the value of mangrove systems as a breeding and nursery habitat for off-shore fisheries, focusing on mangrove-shrimp production linkages in Campeche State, Mexico. We develop an open access fishery model to account explicitly for the effect of mangrove area on carrying capacity and thus production. From the long-run equilibrium conditions of the model we are able to establish the key parameters determining the comparative static effects of a change in mangrove area on this equilibrium. We then estimate empirically the effects of changes in mangrove area in the Laguna de Terminos on the production and value of shrimp harvests in Campeche over 1980–90. Our findings suggest that mangroves are an important and essential input into the Campeche shrimp fishery, but that the low levels of deforestation between 1980 and 1990 mean that the resulting losses to the shrimp fishery are still comparatively small. Over-exploitation of the fishery due to open access conditions remains the more pervasive threat, and without better management any long-run benefits of protecting mangrove habitat are likely to be dissipated.     

Rice Paddy or Shrimp Pond: Tough Decisions in Rural Thailand

Thailand is the world’s largest producer of cultured shrimp. Despite problems with poor environmental conditions and outbreaks of disease that have led to the large-scale abandonment of culture areas along the coast, production has remained high. A primary factor has been the establishment of marine shrimp farming in Thailand’s rice growing Central Plain. This paper describes the development of inland shrimp farming in Thailand, and discusses the environmental concerns that have arisen. We then examine the evolution of the government’s response to inland shrimp farming and assess the capacity of the state to implement a proposed ban. We conclude by arguing that other countries with irrigated agriculture need to be proactive in prohibiting this activity before it is entrenched in ways that are difficult to reverse either ecologically or politically.     

Bioeconomic Analysis of By-Catch of Juvenile Fish in the Shrimp Fisheries – an Evaluation of Management Procedures in the Barents Sea

A bioeconomic model on the management ofby-catch of juvenile fish in the shrimp fisheryin the Barents Sea and the Svalbard Zone,presented by the Norwegian Directorate ofFisheries to the Joint Norwegian RussianFisheries Commission in 1993, is evaluated. The model is based on management of by-catchthrough closure of areas when the by-catch ofjuvenile fish from commercially importantspecies exceeds a critical number. It isargued that although the model may prove usefulin bringing economic rationale into themanagement of by-catch, care must be taken whenstocks are in poor shape. This is illustratedby using the high mortality rates and low stocklevels experienced for cod and haddock in 2000,and which is expected for the next couple ofyears. It is therefore discussed when it isappropriate to use the model with reference tothe Code of Conduct provided by FAO in 1995.     

Explaining the Diversity of Southeast Asian Shrimp Aquaculture

Despite the large amount of academic attention that Southeast Asian shrimp farming has received since the 1980s, few attempts have been made to explain the remarkable variation in the industry's organization across countries and localities. This paper compares the development of shrimp farming in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand, arguing that differences can be traced to variations in the initial conditions under which shrimp farming was established, the different ways that national aquacultures are embedded in the regional political economy and the ways in which different countries have responded to the characteristic environmental problems the sector causes itself.     

中国观赏虾的产业化开发及展望

论文介绍了目前水族市场上的主要观赏虾品种水晶虾、观赏鳌虾、海水观赏虾,从观赏、生态、经济等方面阐述了观赏虾的开发价值。在对我国观赏虾的苗种来源、幼体培育及观赏虾产业开发现状进行分析的基础上,针对观赏虾产业化过程中存在的问题,提出了通过观赏虾新品种的选育、规模化人工繁殖及产业化养殖的手段来进一步扩大观赏虾市场的途径,并对我国观赏虾的产业化开发前景做出展望,为推动观赏虾产业的发展提供参考。     

Impact of cultured shrimp industry on wild shrimp fisheries: analysis of price determination mechanisms and market dynamics

Cultured shrimp production has been growing dramatically on the world market over the last 15 years and some of the farm‐raised species are now considered as price‐indicators on the main market places. One may, therefore, expect the price of theses cultured shrimp to have an impact on the price formation of other species and especially on wild shrimp with which they compete. In this paper, the authors address this question in the case of the wild shrimp Penaeus subtilis exploited by the French Guyana fishery (South America) and competing on the French market with the cultured Thai shrimp ‘Back Tiger’. A series of econometric tests issued from the co‐integration theory is performed between the price series of the two products. These tests indicate that the two series are co‐integrated and that the black tiger market acts as a market leader for the French Guyana shrimp product. The authors then discuss the reasons of the current predominance of farm‐raised shrimp on wild‐caught product (and in particular the French Guyana shrimp) and identify the constraints that the French market demand induces on both producers and importers. In the light of this analysis, a commercial strategy that would mitigate the impact of the Thai shrimp on the French Guyana product is suggested.