服务业集聚与产业结构优化关系探究

随着全球化进程的不断加快，服务业集聚已经成为人们普遍关注的话题。产业集聚在获得规模效应的同时避免了垄断现象的产生，服务业集聚不但拥有这样的优势，而且还有自己独特的形成和发展特点。从产业结构的优化角度切入，借助区位商和专门化率等分析指标，以江苏省和上海市为例，对服务业集聚的形成进行理论和实证分析，提出产业结构的优化对于服务业集聚的形成和发展有着积极的作用。合理的产业结构能够为服务业集聚提供坚实的基础，各地区应该根据各自的产业特点积极的进行优化，催生服务业集聚，加快本地区经济的进一步发展。     

Foreign direct investment and vertical integration of production by Japanese multinationals in Thailand

We test the vertical model of foreign direct investment (FDI) empirically using firm level information on Japanese multinational activity in Thailand. These data allow us to investigate the effects of both home country (Japan) and host country (Thailand) characteristics on the inter-industry pattern of FDI. For 85 manufacturing industries over the period from 1985 to 1995, we find a positive influence of industry variation in skill intensity and market size in the host country and a negative effect of transport costs on the amount of FDI. These results provide strong direct econometric evidence of vertical integration of production across the countries. Journal of Comparative Economics 32 (4) (2004) 805–821.     

The division of labour and market structure

Most firms produce most of the time under conditions of substantial economies of scale. The division of labour, according to Adam Smith the mainspring of wealth, is intrinsically an economies of scale phenomenon. Market structure in most industries in characterized by a small number of suppliers and a larger number of customers. I explain this law of small numbers as the equilibrium of two forces: the deconcentration effect of imitation and the market spliting effect of further refinements in the division of labour by innovation. A deconcentrated market creates larger incentives for market splitting (product differentiation) by innovation than a concentrated market. But market splitting raises concentration in the market and it raises the number of different markets in the economy. Before the economies of scale of old products are fully exploited, new products are being offered which again are produced under conditions of economies of scale.     

Bureaucratic integration and regional specialization in China

Fiscal decentralization introduced as part of China's economic reform since 1979 has unleashed strong incentives for China's local governments to pursue economic development, but the same incentives have also led to local protectionist policies inhibiting the process of regional specialization. This paper focuses on the constraints or freedom with which local governments can implement their protectionist policies. Using a panel data of 29 China's regions over the time period of 1985–1997, we find that China's political system of bureaucratic integration (specifically, concurrent appointment of local government officials in the central government) imposes constraints on the local governments from practicing protectionism. We also find that the effectiveness of local protectionist policies is limited by market competition, specifically, competition from foreign-invested firms operating in China and foreign imports. Our results on the role of local protectionism remain robust to controls for the regional variations in the size of the economy and the stage of economic development.     

我国企业变革方向的探讨

随着知识经济新时代的到来和我国加入国际贸易组织(WTO),我国企业面临着前所未有的挑战。本文针对这一新的形势,从企业的全球化、网络化、专业化、素质化四个方面探讨了企业变革的方向。     

产业集群的演进:一个基于专业化分工视角的解释

产业集群的形成是专业化分工产业的报酬递增的一种空间表现形式,是一个劳动分工深化、交易效率提高的过程.如果从分工角度考察,产业集群是形成专业化分工的产物;同时,分工和专业化的发展与产业集群之间表现出高度的一致性.     

长三角城市群产业一体化发展研究——城际战略产业链的视角

伴随着城市群的发展,城市间产业分工开始向产业链分工方向发展。各城市按照产业链的不同环节进行专业化分工,形成不同类型和层次的城际产业链,城市间基于城际产业链尤其是城际战略产业链的分工协作关系加快了城市群产业一体化的进程。本文构建由产业战略力维度和城际链接力维度构成的城市群产业一体化发展模型,利用该模型确定长三角城市群三大城际战略产业链,依据产业链各环节的优区位要求,对三大城际战略产业链在城市群地区进行空间布局。最后指出,加快城市群产业一体化的关键是,城市群城际战略产业链类型的正确选择和城际战略产业链环节的合理布局和优化组合。     

中国劳动力市场的二元分割及其就业效应

我国的劳动力市场既有经济转型时期的非规范性，又有发展中国家二元经济和二元社会结构的特征，存在二元四级分割的情况。运用哈里斯-托达罗模型及成本-收益分析方法，可以考察我国二元四级市场上的劳动力流动状况及其就业效应。     

贸易投资一体化与当代国际贸易理论的创新

传统的国际贸易理论和国际直接投资理论是相互背离的,新古典国际贸易模型的框架完全排斥了直接投资的存在,直接投资的存在既无可能,也无必要。而解释投资的种种理论所采取的分析框架也难以容纳和解释国际贸易,但当前的事实表明,贸易和投资不仅共存,而且贸易投资一体化的发展趋势越来越明显。贸易投资一体化的迅速发展,不仅对国际分工产生了深远的影响,同时也对传统的国际贸易理论也提出了诸多挑战,国际贸易理论亟待创新。在分析国际分工变化的基础上,本文就国际贸易理论的创新进行了分析和研究,提出了自己的看法和研究新思路。     

南京商圈构造及其对策

工业化、城市化、信息化和市场化的互动推动了都市圈的形成。都市圈的形成可以带来分工与资源重组效应、要素的聚集与扩散效应、分享效应以及新型的竞争与合作效应等。在南京都市圈逐步形成的基础上,南京商圈也已初步出现。在南京商圈的进一步发展中,我们应该明确:城市商业结构的总体结构应是商业专业化的形态结构、布局结构、业态结构和技术结构动态组合的过程,南京及周边城市地区要互动调整自己的商业布局、业态与技术结构,选择适合于自身的竞争战略,形成互相竞争与合作的新型区域关系。