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1.
黑河干流中游地区耗水量变化的历史分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
黑河流域水资源极其匮乏,加之地区上的配置不均衡和中游地区水土资源的过度开发,导致黑河下游出现了严重的生态环境问题,已影响到我国北方广大地区生态环境质量,受到国家的高度重视和全社会的广泛关注。黑河水资源开发利用主要集中在中游地区,该区是全国重要的商品粮、蔬菜和经济作物生产基地之一,耗水量占流域耗水量的85%以上,是黑河的主要耗水区和径流利用区。利用黑河上游控制站莺落峡站和中游控制站正义峡站水文资料,分析了黑河中游耗水量的变化,结果表明:20世纪80年代以前黑河中游耗水量在4.4亿m^3左右,比较稳定;进入20世纪80年代以后,耗水量明显增加,80年代耗水量比70年代以前增加了1.97亿-2.49亿m^3;90年代耗水量又比80年代增加了1.64亿m^3左右;80年代以来流域耗水量呈明显增加的趋势,这是以人类活动影响为主的结果。 相似文献
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Lyndsay A. Cartwright Sue Hayes Douglas C. Tozer Dan Clayton Mary-Ann Burns Dena Lewis Noah Gaetz Namrata Shrestha 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2021,47(2):273-282
Beneficial use impairments (BUIs) under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement identify environmental issues requiring remedial action within the Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs). We conducted this study to support the assessment of the wildlife component of BUI 3: degradation of fish and wildlife populations. We compared bird and amphibian (frogs and toads) data from the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority’s Terrestrial Long-term Monitoring Program in the Toronto and Region AOC to an adjacent, but otherwise similar, reference watershed, Duffins Creek. Twelve of 13 targets were met within the AOC for forest bird, wetland bird, meadow bird and amphibian populations based on averages of mean annual values at sites within the AOC that were within two standard deviations of averages at sites in the Duffins Creek reference watershed between 2008 and 2017. Even though wildlife populations within the AOC were within the normal range of variability expected from a reference watershed, they were often at lower levels than within the Duffins Creek reference watershed. In addition, forest bird and amphibian populations were negatively affected by urbanization within the AOC and meadow bird indices declined. We conclude that while wildlife populations within the AOC currently meet targets for BUI 3, they continue to be negatively impacted by numerous stressors that are primarily related to past and ongoing urbanization. Thus, continued restoration of wildlife habitat and protection of existing habitat within the AOC is highly recommended. 相似文献
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《Journal of Great Lakes research》2021,47(5):1429-1436
The Maumee River watershed in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin has been impacted by decades of pollution and habitat modification due to human settlement and development. As such, the lower 35 km of the Maumee River and several smaller adjacent watersheds comprising over 2000 km2 were designated the Maumee Area of Concern (AOC) under the revised Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in 1987. As part of pre-rehabilitation assessments in the Maumee AOC, we assessed fish and invertebrate communities in river km 24–11 of the Maumee River to identify: 1) areas that exhibit the highest biodiversity, 2) habitat characteristics associated with high biodiversity areas, 3) areas in need of protection from further degradation, and 4) areas that could feasibly be rehabilitated to increase biodiversity. Based on benthic trawl data, shallow water habitats surrounding large island complexes had the highest fish diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE). Electrofishing displayed similar fish diversity and CPUE patterns across habitat types early in the study but yielded no discernable fish diversity or CPUE patterns towards the end of our study. Although highly variable among study sites, macroinvertebrate density was greatest in shallow water habitats <2.5 m and around large island complexes. Our results provide valuable baseline data that could act as a foundation for developing rehabilitation strategies in the lower Maumee River and for assessing the effectiveness of future aquatic habitat rehabilitation projects. In addition to increasing in-channel habitat, watershed-scale improvements of water quality might be necessary to ensure rehabilitation strategies are successful. 相似文献
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粤港澳大湾区作为我国经济最活跃、最开放、经济发展水平最高的区域之一,制造业和信息技术产业发达,具有率先发展区块链产业的优质土壤和先行条件。论文主要通过分析粤港澳大湾区区块链发展的现状,对比世界上其他三大湾区的科技、人才、投资机构等方面,挖掘粤港澳大湾区在对比分析下的发展潜能,分析存在的优劣势,补齐短板,抓住机遇,提出发展粤港澳大湾区区块链行之有效的策略。 相似文献
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Benis Egoh Mathieu Rouget Andrew T. Knight Albert S. van Jaarsveld 《Ecological Economics》2007,63(4):714-721
A call has been made for conservation planners to include ecosystem services into their assessments of conservation priority areas. The need to develop an integrated approach to meeting different conservation objectives and a shift in focus towards human wellbeing are some of the motivations behind this call. There is currently no widely accepted approach to planning for ecosystem services. This study contributes towards the development of this approach through a review of conservation assessments and the extent to which they include ecosystem services. Of the 476 conservation assessments identified by a set of search terms on the Web of Science, 100 were randomly selected for this review. Of these only seven had included ecosystem services, while another 13 had referred to ecosystem services as a rationale for conservation without including them in the assessment. The majority of assessments were based on biodiversity pattern data while 19 used data on ecological processes. A total of 11 of these 19 assessments used processes, which could be linked to services. Ecosystem services have witnessed an increase in attention received in conservation assessments since the year 2000, however trends were not apparent beyond this date. In order to assess which types of ecosystem services and how they have been accounted for in conservation assessments, we extended our review to include an additional nine conservation assessments which included ecosystem services. The majority included cultural ecosystem services, followed by regulatory, provisioning and supporting services respectively. We conclude with an analysis of the constraints and opportunities for the integration of ecosystem services into conservation assessments and highlight the urgent need for an appropriate framework for planning for ecosystem services. 相似文献
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Significant increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are occuring as a result of fossil fuel combustion. More than a four-fold increase over preindustrial levels may occur by the year 2100. Heating of the atmosphere, changes in precipitation patterns and global storm paths, and other resulting effects are sure to cause significant social changes. This article is essentially a methodological case study demonstrating a useful but inexpensive type of technology assessment. It summarizes current research findings on “the CO2 effect,” and presents hitherto unpublished findings that resulted from a brief but systems-oriented approach. These findings suggest that most published forecasts of phenomena associated with a CO2 buildup may be systematically low because various positive feedback relationships are not reflected. 相似文献
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