Variability of light absorption properties in optically complex inland waters of Lake Chaohu,China

Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, colored detrital matter (CDM), non-algal particles (NAP), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and their relative contributions to total non-water absorption (a_t ? w) are essential variables for bio-optical and radiative transfer models. Light absorption properties showed large range and variability sampled at 194 stations throughout Lake Chaohu between May 2013 and April 2015. The a_t ? w was dominated by phytoplankton absorption (a_ph) and NAP absorption (a_d). The contribution of CDOM absorption to a_t ? w was lower than 30%. Phytoplankton and NAP were the primary sources of spatial and vertical variability in absorption properties. Light absorption by CDOM, though significant in magnitude, was relatively constant. CDM absorption (a_dg) was dominated by NAP. The spatial variation of the absorption coefficients from each of the optically active constituents were driven by several main inflow rivers in the western and middle part of Lake Chaohu. Algal blooms and bottom resuspension contributed to vertical variability as observed by phytoplankton and NAP profiles. Specific absorption of phytoplankton had significant spatial and seasonal variations without vertical variation. The spectral slope of absorption showed no significant spatial variability (p > 0.05). Variations of absorption affected different ranges of remote sensing reflectance (R_rs) spectrum, thereby increasing the difficulty of applying the remote sensing algorithm in optically complex waters. Parameters and relationships presented in this study provide useful information for bio-optical models and remote sensing of lakes similar to Lake Chaohu in terms of optical properties.     

Carbon Markets in China: Development and Challenges

China is attempting to initiate its own carbon market—an important market-based policy instrument which would determine the fate of global climate policy as the largest emitter of carbon dioxide across the world. This article looks at carbon trading development so far and examines the key challenges ahead in China. These past experiences—whatever from international CDM practice, or SO₂ emission trading and a domestic voluntary carbon market—have paved the solid way to build the existing ETS pilots similar to European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The investigation into China’s ETS pilots discovered some important and urgent issues such as the capsetting and deepening energy market reform.     

云南省清洁发展机制项目发展现状、存在问题及对策研究

据云南省能源局统计数据显示,截至2011年6月,云南省在联合国成功注册的清洁发展机制项目数量已居全国首位,这些项目的实施为云南省节能减排及发展低碳经济做出了巨大贡献。但我们也应清醒地认识到,由于云南地处西南边陲,经济发展落后,云南省的CDM项目在发展中仍存在一些问题,在国家大力发展云南桥头堡战略的背景下,深入分析和解决这些问题,才能使云南省的CDM项目健康、持续地发展。     

企业碳交易的有效性——基于中国A股上市公司的实证研究

从上市公司的角度,分析了我国CDM项目交易的有效性,即将衡量碳交易有效性的标准设定为能够使企业股票产生价值溢价,实证检验了碳交易对我国A股上市公司股市表现的影响。检验结果显示,上市公司发布CDM项目注册公告当日,能给上市公司带来显著为正的异常收益率;对事件窗及事件发生后15个交易日的检验显示,公告没有使股市产生显著为正的累计异常收益率。对沪市和深市的对比检验表明,上市公司发布公告当日,两市的反应存在较大的差别。     

中国碳金融发展:决定于经济还是环境?——基于结构方程模型

气候变化为全球带来严峻考验,碳金融是对气候变化的有效应对,碳金融的发展在我国究竟决定于经济还是环境?采用结构方程模型对碳金融发展的影响因素做出实证分析。结果表明:现阶段我国的经济因素和居民因素对碳金融发展有抑制作用;居民因素在经济因素对碳金融发展影响的路径中起到中介作用,对环境因素产生负效应;环境因素与碳金融发展存在互惠关系,在碳金融发展中起突出作用。最后从科学顶层设计、依法治理,推动低碳经济产业的优化,强化居民、企业环保意识,加强污染防治与生态建设等方面给出建议。     

低碳经济下的清洁发展机制(CDM)分析——基于SWOT的角度

清洁发展机制(CDM)是《京都议定书》规定的发达国家与发展中国家互利共赢的减排机制,为中国经济的发展带来巨大的机遇和挑战。文章分析了CDM的含义以及经济机制,并运用管理学的SWOT模型对我国的CDM的机遇和挑战进行了综合分析。最后给出相应的结论和展望。     

后京都时代到来之前CDM项目开发运营的应对策略

后京都时代CDM市场的形势不明朗,我国CDM项目的主要参与方如何应对,关系到其切身利益.以实务操作为视角,各参与方迫切需要从把握碳市场的国际形势、加强项目开发运营管理能力建设、注重减排量购买协议中法律风险防范、关注国内碳交易市场建设等多方面入手,有效应对新形势下CDM项目的开发运营工作.     

论我国碳排放权交易体系的构建

全球变暖是当今世界必须面对的重要环境问题,而碳排放权交易正是最有效的减排制度。目前,该制度在各国已得到广泛实践,而我国碳排放权交易体系的构建尚处于探索阶段。为此,我国应借鉴国际经验,选择适合中国的碳排放权交易机制,构建起有中国特色的碳排放权交易体系。     

抓住清洁发展机制为中国带来的机遇

<京都议定书>中清洁发展机制(CDM)牢牢地将发达国家和发展中国家在保护全球环境、防止气候变暖方面的利益联系在一起,为发达国家和发展中国家的企业搭建了一个国际性的合作平台.CDM和中国能源发展需求为中国包括小水电在内的清洁能源建设带来了机遇.