燃烧加热污染空气对超燃冲压发动机性能影响研究

针对燃烧加热地面试验设备存在的工质污染问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了燃烧加热污染空气对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机性能的影响。以飞行马赫数Ma=6.5,当量油气比ER=0.6为计算基准状态,分别对纯净空气和污染空气来流下氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的整机流场和性能进行了对比计算分析。燃烧化学反应模拟采用了改进的H₂/O₂七组分八方程模型,湍流模型为标准的 k-ε模型,并采用直连式燃烧室试验数据进行了数值方法的验证。研究结果表明:(1)相对于纯净空气来流,污染空气来流下的超燃冲压发动机推力和比冲均有所下降。(2)采用酒精燃烧加热器的前提下,来流参数匹配静温、静压、马赫数时,发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而匹配总温、总压、马赫数时相差最大。(3)来流参数匹配总焓、静压、马赫数的前提下,采用氢燃烧加热器时发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而采用甲烷燃烧加热器时相差最大。      

燃烧加热污染空气对超燃冲压发动机性能影响研究

针对燃烧加热地面试验设备存在的工质污染问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了燃烧加热污染空气对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机性能的影响。以飞行马赫数Ma=6.5,当量油气比ER=0.6为计算基准状态,分别对纯净空气和污染空气来流下氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的整机流场和性能进行了对比计算分析。燃烧化学反应模拟采用了改进的H₂/O₂七组分八方程模型,湍流模型为标准的 k-ε模型,并采用直连式燃烧室试验数据进行了数值方法的验证。研究结果表明:(1)相对于纯净空气来流,污染空气来流下的超燃冲压发动机推力和比冲均有所下降。(2)采用酒精燃烧加热器的前提下,来流参数匹配静温、静压、马赫数时,发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而匹配总温、总压、马赫数时相差最大。(3)来流参数匹配总焓、静压、马赫数的前提下,采用氢燃烧加热器时发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而采用甲烷燃烧加热器时相差最大。      

城市污水处理厂污泥热值及影响因素分析

以重庆市主城区城市污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,测定了污泥的热值并分析了影响污泥热值的主要因素,探讨了水分对热值利用的影响。结果表明:元素分析法和量热仪法测定的污泥热值较吻合;污水水质、排水体制、污水及污泥处理工艺通过影响污泥挥发分的含量而影响污泥热值,建议消化污泥和合流制区域污水处理厂污泥不宜采用焚烧处理。污水处理厂污泥具有自持燃烧特性时的最高含水率为68%;通过元素分析发现,不同污水处理厂污泥挥发分元素的计量组成基本一致,可用计量化学式CH1.72O0.55N0.12S0.03粗略地表示重庆市主城区污水处理厂污泥挥发分的组成。     

产业平衡态与产业有序发展的内在思考

深入阐述了以热力学原理解释产业发展过程的基本思路,引入熵的理念,结合经典燃烧理论,将产业温度用于模拟产业系统走向劣质化的基本表达,企图弥补哈肯和普利高津对系统如何从有序走向无序部分缺失的遗憾。在此基础上,围绕产业非线性与非平衡性,给出了产业运行正负熵流机制及其定量化公式表达,采用产业温度曲线刻画产业系统动态衍生过程,较为完整地勾勒出从“自然关系”到“逻辑关系”再到“函数关系”的内在科学理论体系。     

工程制图CAI课件开发与评价探讨

简要介绍开发《工程制图》ＣＡＩ教学课件的重要性,重点论述了ＣＡＩ课件的开发与评价。     

《消防燃烧学》开展实验教学的研究与实践

根据昆明消防学校培养消防部队基层指挥人才的要求,在《消防燃烧学》教学中开展实验教学,是使学员将教材知识点通过实验进行验证,深入理解及加深记忆的过程,从而进一步使理论知识与消防工作实际相结合,提高灵活运用知识去进行防火和灭火工作的能力,培养学员分析和解决火灾或爆炸事故的预防和控制等方面的能力,使培养出的学生满足消防工作实际要求的较好的教学方法。本文对在消防学校《消防燃烧学》教学中开展实验教学进行了研究与实践。     

Landowners’ willingness to promote bioenergy production on wasteland − future impact on land use of cutaway peatlands

Landowners are the key players in bioenergy production on wasteland; such as cutaway peatlands. In this study, the landowner’s interest to use cutaway peatlands for bioenergy production was investigated using a survey and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) methods in an area in South Ostrobothnia, Finland. The focus was to identify which different bioenergy production chains are preferred by the respondents: combustion, gasification or biogas production from agriculture, energy-willow short-rotation forestry or forestry based energy crops. Also, the influence of personal environmental values on the selection was measured and the future impacts and barriers for the land use were assessed.Afforestation was the most popular after-use method among the landowners. The next most favorable method was energy crop cultivation but it was highly dependent on economic profitability and subsidies. Currently, approximately 8.2% or 500 ha of the total peat extraction area could be used for bioenergy production in the region by 2035. Based on the survey, forest based biomass is the best option if bioenergy is to be produced. The next choice was agro biomass and the least favored plant was willow. This study suggests that the biggest cutaway peatlands will be converted to forest energy in the future. Suggestive results were that the owners with high environmental values are especially interested in agro biomass growing and the landowner having a distant home place does not have a negative influence on bioenergy production. Altogether, land use and biomass production of cutaway peatlands is connected with the demands of the Finnish bio-economy.     

内燃机设计课程教学改革的探索与实践

针对热能与动力工程专业的内燃机设计课程,从教学方式和考核方式两方面,提出了若干改革的思路和设想。     

A real options reasoning approach to hybrid vehicle investments

Long term increases of petrol prices and the threat of a global climate change have created in the automotive industry a new competitive environment based on the development of more sustainable technologies. Using the real option reasoning lens we provide a theoretical framework to better account for the technological and market uncertainties and irreversibilities that impact the investment and innovation decisions of automotive firms supporting the development of more sustainable vehicle technologies. We investigate the case of hybrid vehicles in a transitional perspective by insisting on their potential to influence the dynamic shaping of investment decisions of firms in the car industry. We consider the hybridization strategy as intra-project and inter-project compound growth options to manage the flexibilities and irreversibilities of investment decisions during the transition process. We provide four different-sometimes conflicting-strategic rationales structuring the investment efforts of firms in hybrid vehicles and illustrate them with numerous examples from the automotive industry.     

污水污泥送火力发电厂焚烧的环境风险研究进展

污泥焚烧工艺的应用已经有几十年的历史,但在火力发电厂内焚烧污水污泥近年来才得到较多关注。由于污水污泥送火力发电厂焚烧对于水务和电力部门是双赢的,积极探索这个途径的可行性,控制可能出现的环境风险,有利于污水污泥处置的可持续性发展。对污水污泥和煤的成分进行比较,并对国内外研究者的相关研究成果以及相关法规进行了综合分析,就火力发电厂内焚烧污水污泥在我国推广提出一些建议。