海洋酸化研究进展

介绍了海洋酸化的原因及目前研究的一些进展。随着人类向大气中大量排放二氧化碳,引发了温室效应和海洋酸化等环境问题,海洋酸化将会导致海水碱度升高从而溶解更多的二氧化碳,还会导致海洋生物链发生变化,加快海洋生物数量的退化速度,并且海洋酸化会加剧一些全球气候问题。     

气浮-水解酸化-接触氧化-活性炭吸附工艺处理针织行业废水

在毛衣加工生产过程中其废水排放存在水量不稳定、水中污染物浓度较高的问题,采用“气浮-水解酸化-接触氧化-活性炭吸附”组合工艺处理后, COD、硫化物、色度的去除率分别达到96．85％、97．3％、94％,经处理后出水水质可以达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（ GB4287-2012）中的直接排放标准,该工艺可用于类似工业废水的治理。     

水解酸化—膜生物反应器处理城市综合污水

分析了水解酸化—膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理城市综合污水的应用可行性.结果表明,利用水解酸化-MBR工艺处理污水处理厂综合污水,除TP外,出水COD、NH4+-N、TN等指标符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准,对出水再采用强化除磷措施(如投加化学除磷药剂等),可完全满足现阶段城市污水处理需要.     

浅谈标准化在油田酸化施工中的作用

针对文留油田在注水开发后期地层污染堵塞严重,近几年酸化效果偏低的情况,加强了对酸化标准的制、修订工作,从选井原则到对酸化的效果评价一系列操作流程,建立油水井酸化工艺标准体系,成立了酸化措施管理项目组,加大了过程监督。经过标准体系在酸化施工中一年来的应用,酸化效果得到了明显改善。     

西域组钙质胶结砾岩物质构成试验研究

西域组砾岩的物质构成较为复杂,目前对其试验研究较少。以分析西域组钙质胶结砾岩的物质构成为目标,通过酸化浸泡试验和CAD断面统计方法,并结合气体收集方法,来对西域组钙质胶结砾岩的物质构成进行初步的试验研究,运用两种不同比例盐酸溶液对砾岩试样的颗粒级配进行酸化试验分析。结果表明:经过1∶1盐酸溶液浸泡后0. 075 mm粒径损失较大,1∶4盐酸溶液浸泡后试验结果较为理想;酸化分离筛分和CAD断面统计粒径含量结果基本一致;西域组钙质胶结砾岩碳酸盐含量为70%～80%,其余20%为碎屑物质和填隙物;碎屑物质中粒径 2 mm的砾石平均含量为65. 2%,粒径2～0. 075 mm的砂平均含量为13. 2%,粒径0. 075 mm的细粒平均含量为21. 6%。通过试验还发现钙质胶结砾岩中存在有某些物质与盐酸发生了反应,对试验结果产生了一定的影响。     

水解酸化-A/O法处理工业园区污水的工艺设计

介绍某工业园区污水处理工程各工艺和设备的配置情况。该工程采用水解酸化-A/O工艺,显著地提高了废水的可生化性,降低了运行成本,出水达到GB18919-2002一级B标准。     

Towards a sustainable and efficient use of manure in agriculture: The Dutch case

Rapid increases in livestock production in the Netherlands have changed manure from a valuable input into a mere waste product. This is especially true for the southern and eastern parts of the country, where specialized pig and poultry farms have concentrated on sandy soils. As these farms generally own very little land, they largely depend on imported feedstuffs. As a consequence, manure is applied to the land in such large quantities that serious environmental problems have resulted: (1) eutrophication of surface water by phosphate emissions; (2) pollution of groundwater by nitrate emissions; and (3) acidification by ammonia emissions.In the last few years the Dutch government has developed a manure policy to counteract these effects. Our analysis of that policy has revealed at least three fundamental defects, which render the manure policy ineffective and inefficient. In this paper proposals are made to remove the defects in current manure policy. Much attention is paid to the problem of designing a mixture of policy instruments which is both effective as well as efficient in limiting the environmental problems caused by manure. It is shown that the use of financial incentives in regulation can substantially improve the efficiency of the manure policy. Finally, the main economic consequences of the proposed policy are examined for the public sector as well as for the agricultural sector.     

Chemical and biological features of a high altitude lake in the southern Alps (Laghetto Inferiore, Switzerland)

Since 1980, surveys have been performed nearly every three years on approximately 50 small high altitude alpine lakes located in the Swiss part of the Lake Maggiore watershed. On the basis of this information, since 1996 Laghetto Inferiore has been included in the Mountain Lakes Research (MOLAR) project, an extensive European cooperative research project with 23 partners. Laghetto Inferiore is located at 2074 m a.s.l.; its watershed is mainly composed of crystalline silicic rocks; it has a maximum depth of 33 m, and a theoretical renewal time of 41 days. The pH of the water is approximately 5.6; the alkalinity of the surface water is approximately 30 μmol and that of the bottom water approximately 60 μmol. Chemical studies were performed on the inputs from atmospheric deposition and the main tributary streams, the lake concentration (on a monthly basis), and the outflow. The results show that the characteristics of summer deposition (rain) differ significantly from those of winter deposition (snow). By means of a budget model it was possible to distinguish between the contribution from atmospheric deposition and the contribution from weathering. Biological studies revealed a considerable variety of phytoplankton species and a scarcity of zooplankton species. The vertical distribution of the main algal species shows a marked vertical stratification, with biomass concentrations higher in the profundal. Along this profile, the species of the same taxonomic class tend to gather in a particular depth band, while the single classes tend to be distributed at different depths, according to their specific light requirements.     

超声波、碱、超声波/碱预处理污泥对污泥水解效果的影响

为了提高污泥水解产酸过程中的挥发酸产量,获取污水脱氮除磷所需的碳源,以石家庄市栾城污水处理厂二沉池污泥为研究对象,采用超声处理、碱性调节、超声处理与碱性调节组合等3种方式对污泥进行预处理。通过测定预处理污泥水解酸化过程中的挥发酸、氨氮、总氮、总磷、SCOD的浓度,对预处理污泥水解酸化过程中的各指标的变化进行分析。结果表明,当超声波投加的声能密度为0.55W/mL,pH值为9,超声作用时间为4min时,水解酸化在第4天时挥发酸总质量浓度达到最大值226.7mg/L。     

水解酸化工艺在废水处理中的应用实践进展

时水解（酸化）工艺在废水处理工程中的过程、作用和应用进行了总结，指出水解（酸化）工段在对有机废水的处理工程中能优化废水处理工艺，提高处理效率。