南阳CINRAD/SB雷达资料共享四种方式的对比

为了防御南阳市灾害性天气,南阳CINRAD/SB天气雷达产品需要共享给不同的观测用户,但原生系统的用户数量是有限制的。如何突破种种限制,并实现雷达资料共享的最大化最优化成为首要任务。本文从雷达产品的走向提供了三种解决思路,并提出了具体的四种实现方法,从多个方面进行了较为综合的对比分析,并合理利用设备条件,通过实践,实现了雷达资料的共享。     

三峡水库区间定量降水预报不确定性初探

在过去研究的基础上,对三峡水库区间流域随机降水模型与区间流域洪水预报模型耦合得到的模拟流量序列进一步研究,分析定量降水预报误差对水文预报结果的影响,得到区间流域定量降水预报不确定性的解析解;介绍了定量降水预报不确定性处理器(PUP),并且与区间流域随机降水模型进行比较分析.结果表明,两个模型的精度均高于确定性预报结果,且随机降水模型的精度要高于PUP.     

When are Partnerships a Viable Tool for Development? Institutions and Partnerships for Water and Sanitation Service in Latin America

Partnerships are increasingly becoming unpopular in Latin America, they have narrowly been analysed in the context of the international political agenda and criticized for bringing benefits only to the private sector and not to the public sector and society at large. Nevertheless, there are successful experiences for providing water and sanitation at local level. The questions are: Are local level successful experiences the product of a partnership? Was it necessary to build partnerships to add value to the community presence and informal actors? What are the advantages of partnerships at local and national scale? The case studies presented demonstrate that actors need to have an incentive to work together and to build trust. The context in which they operate is also relevant, and in Latin America it is needed a strong national legal institutional framework if partnerships or any agreement should be an alternative to public delivery of water and sanitation. This paper analyses the context in which water and sanitation is delivered in peri-urban areas based on case studies, identified actions for effective provision and on discussion of the institutional framework options and partnership implementation at local and national level. This paper does not advocate partnerships per se; nor are these seen as the problem.