Impact of dams on point bar habitat: a case for the extirpation of the Sacramento Valley Tiger Beetle,C. hirticollis abrupta

Quantitative analyses of flow and stage data, remote sensing and geographic information systems analysis, and field studies were used to assess the impact of dams and diversions on the point bar habitat of the Sacramento Valley Tiger Beetle (Cicindela hirticollis abrupta). The reaches of interest include sites of known historic populations of C. h. abrupta along the Sacramento River from approximately 8 km north of Colusa southward to the confluence with the Feather River and along the Feather River between Yuba City and its confluence with the Sacramento River. The results from this study show that construction of two major dams has altered flows such that prolonged and increased flows during summer, fall, and early winter have most likely disrupted life cycles, flooded larvae, drowned overwintering adults and led to high mortality. Additionally, habitat availability has decreased over time because point bars have decreased in number and area causing increased distances between populations and isolation of populations. Moreover, point bar armouring, channel scouring, altered flows, redirected flows through weirs, and lithologic controls have produced a bimodal distribution of mean grain sizes in the Sacramento River in which the more northern bars contain gravel deposits and more southern bars possess fine sands. These conditions negatively alter moisture retention and sediment compaction and, consequently, burrowing conditions needed by this tiger beetle. Additionally, more stabilized flows (reduced variability) and increased fine‐grained deposition have enabled development and encroachment of vegetation onto the sand bars. Finally, human stresses, such as foot traffic and vehicular traffic may have interfered with burrowing, ovipositing, and foraging. The combination of these stress factors has most likely led to a reduction in source populations and, ultimately, the apparent extirpation of the entire metapopulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑加筋切向阻力的土坡稳定分析

目前在加筋边坡的极限平衡稳定分析中,认为加筋中产生的预应力能约束土体的运动或者能使抵抗土体运动的阻力增加,而对于加筋的切向阻力作用却没有考虑。主要讨论了在加筋土坡稳定分析时,加筋的切向阻力在加筋工程中起到的作用。认为在加筋边坡的极限平衡稳定分析中,也应考虑加筋的切向阻力作用;提出了计算公式,编制了相应的程序,给出了算例。     

渭河口拦门沙形成及消失条件

在分析了黄、渭河部分测站的水文资料之后，研究渭河口拦门沙形成及消失条件，为减轻渭河下游的淤积寻找方法。     

钢筋混凝土结构内的钢筋腐蚀监测

用钢筋混凝土修建的建筑物和构筑物，因受外界因素的影响，其内部钢筋可能会受到腐蚀而生锈，锈蚀严重者将危及安全。根据钢筋在混凝土内的锈蚀是一个电化学过程的特点，在不损伤钢筋混凝土结构的条件下，利用腐蚀监测仪，测量钢筋混凝的电化学特性值，并以此特性值绘制等值线图，利用该图能正确评估混凝土内钢筋受腐蚀的情况。     

浅谈不良地质条件下小断面、长竖井开挖支护施工技术

通过四川松林河洪一水电站竖井扩挖施工的工程实例,介绍了小断面(开挖断面直径4 m)、长竖井(225.8 m)在岩石破碎、裂隙发育等诸多不利条件下,利用LM200型反井钻机施工导井,正扩挖法扩挖的施工方法和取得的成果。     

Pollutant mixing and transport process via diverse transverse release positions in a multi-anabranch river with three braid bars

A multi-anabranch river with three braid bars is a typical river pattern in nature, but no studies have been conducted to describe mixing characteristics of pollutants in the river. In this study, a physical model of a typical multi-anabranch river with three braid bars was established to explore the pollutant mixing characteristics in different branches. The multi-anabranch reach was separated into seven branches, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, and B7, by three braid bars. Five tracer release positions located 2.9 m upstream from the inlet section of the multi-anabranch reach were adopted, and the distances from the five positions to the left bank of the upstream main channel were 1/6B, 1/3B, 1/2B, 2/3B, and 5/6B(B is the width of the upstream main channel), respectively. The longitudinal velocities and pollutant concentrations in the seven branches were measured. The planar flow field and mixing characteristics of pollutants from the bottom to the surface in the multi-anabranch river were obtained and analyzed. The results show that the pollutant release positions are the main influencing factors in the pollutant transport process, and the diversion points and pollutant release positions jointly influence the percentage ratios of the pollutant fluxes in branches B1, B2, and B3 to the pollutant flux in the upstream main channel.     

新疆塔日勒嘎水电站泄洪冲砂隧洞出口闸室基础处理

针对新疆克州塔日勒嘎水电站泄洪冲沙闸闸室置于不同强度地基基础上的情况,设计了简单易得的扩大回填方案以处理基础,通过三维有限元计算和现场的实际监测,结果表明:这种基础处理方案安全可靠,有一定的实用价值。     

材料力学课程中杆件内力的教学研究

在材料力学课程教学实践中,为了帮助学生总结和系统化所学知识,从学生需要掌握杆件内力的知识点出发,总结得到快速计算杆件内力以及快速绘制对应的内力图的方法,并且提炼出便捷的助记口诀,在教学中取得了较好的效果。     

钢筋与混凝土黏结性能冻融破坏的力学分析

静水压假说认为,混凝土遭受冻融作用发生破坏是由于混凝土内部孔结构遭受静水压力的反复作用造成的.建立了在钢筋混凝土构件遭受冻融破坏循环作用时,钢筋与混凝土的界面上产生的静水压力计算模型,并计算得到了静水压力的最大值.力学模型计算表明,冻融循环作用产生的静水压力破坏了钢筋与混凝土的胶结性能;冻融作用后光圆钢筋与混凝土的拔出试验结果证实,冻融循环作用严重削弱了钢筋与混凝土的胶结强度,验证了静水压力对钢筋与混凝土界面胶结性能的破坏作用.     

钢筋桁架楼承板在SATEC纺织厂工程施工中的应用

SATEC纺织厂工期紧、任务重,上下交叉作业,干扰大,为实现工期目标,采用了钢筋桁架楼承板施工技术,施工无支撑,工序简化,现场钢筋绑扎量减少,加快了工程施工进度,同时也解决了楼板传统施工工艺存在板底不平、现场钢筋绑扎量大、工序繁琐、钢筋间距及保护层不好控制等问题,施工质量保障,经济效益和社会效益显著。