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The current status of small-scale desalination (produced water capacity 100 m3/day or less) is reviewed to provide an overview of the market segment. The use of energy-recovery devices in this market segment is also reviewed. We find that the Middle East accounts for the largest market share worldwide at present, and reverse osmosis is overwhelmingly dominant among the desalination technologies adopted. Implementation of energy-recovery devices at small scale is rare, which leads to relatively high energy consumption for small-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination systems. 相似文献
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通过田间小区试验,分析3个不同滴灌棉田春灌灌水量1350、1800和2250 m3/hm2对盐分变化的影响。试验表明:在相同灌水量下,宽行、窄行和膜间3个不同行距的脱盐效果,宽行最好;3个灌水量下,1800 m3/hm2的灌水量对盐分淋洗效果较好。此结果可为当地春灌提供指导,对制定灌溉制度有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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Abstract The main natural source of water available in Kuwait is the brackish groundwater located in the Kuwait Group and the Dammam aquifers, where the salinity ranges from 4300 to 10200 mg/l and from 2500 to 10000 mg/l, respectively. Limited fresh groundwater resources in Al‐Rawdhatain and Umm Al‐Aish fields, which have a salinity of 359 ‐1737 mg/l, are also available. Most of the groundwater in Kuwait is used for irrigation, domestic purposes, small‐scale industries and for blending with distilled water. Because rainfall is seasonal and less than annual evaporation, the recharge of the groundwater from rainfall is negligible. The objective of this paper is to assess the different water resources in Kuwait in order to make an integrated management plan and to focus on future sustainability. Generally, in the State of Kuwait, there is increasing pressure on the natural water resources because of the exploitation of the aquifers at a rate exceeding that of both the groundwater recharge and population growth (from 1.4 million in 1980 to 2.55 million in 2003). This has lead to the observed decline in groundwater level and to the deterioration of water quality. In the early 1950s, a plan was endorsed in Kuwait to establish seawater desalination plants. By 2005, six desalination plants have been established, with a total capacity of distillation units of 1434.72 ×103 m3/d (315.6 MIGD). However, the gross maximum consumption for the year 2003 reached a value of 1440.17 ×103 m3/d (316.8 MIGD), which is higher than the total capacity of the available distillation units. Given the limitation of conventional water and the shortages of non‐conventional water, along with the increasing population, Kuwait must consider the recycling of wastewater for irrigation, industrial or any other unrestricted non‐potable purpose. 相似文献
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为解决淡水资源短缺、应对水资源危机,世界许多沿海国家及地区积极开展海水淡化和综合利用,为解决区域水资源短缺问题找到了一条有效途径。近年,我国沿海地区水资源短缺形势日益严峻,如何利用海水资源有效缓解水危机是我国长期以来十分关注的问题。从我国的基本国情水情出发,分析海水资源化利用的发展现状,分析海水利用发展过程中存在的问题及原因,在借鉴国外海水利用经验的基础上,分析我国海水淡化和综合利用的发展潜力、重点区域与领域布局,并提出促进海水利用发展的对策建议,为相关部门加强海水淡化和综合利用管理提供决策参考。 相似文献
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对在公共建筑与住宅建筑中利用非传统水源的技术进行了比较和分析,着重研究了雨水、中水和海水利用技术,指出了各项技术的优缺点和适用条件。结果表明,采用雨水利用技术时,可以因地制宜采用与直接利用、渗透、调节等功能相关的技术组合;采用中水回用技术时,可采用有发展前景的膜生物反应器技术,也可采用生物接触氧化或混凝沉淀等技术;采用海水利用技术时,可根据各种技术特点选用多级闪蒸、低温多效、反渗透等技术,另外,用清洁能源淡化海水是海水淡化技术的发展方向。实践中选用非传统水源利用技术时,应综合各种因素,进行全面比较。 相似文献
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海水淡化是缓解沿海地区水资源短缺的重要手段。利用层次分析法,开展了我国海水淡化开发利用潜力评价方法研究。从政策因素、社会经济因素、技术条件3个方面,构建了我国海水淡化开发利用潜力评价指标体系,对各指标影响作用权重进行了计算。以全国11个沿海省(区、市)为研究目标,对其海水淡化开发利用潜力进行了评价。研究结果表明,我国各沿海省(区、市)开发利用海水淡化的潜力由大到小分别是:河北、浙江、山东、天津、江苏、辽宁、海南、广东、广西、上海、福建。最后,结合影响我国海水淡化开发利用的主要因素,从战略定位、试点示范、财政补贴、自主创新4个方面,提出了进一步推进我国海水淡化开发利用的建议。 相似文献
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随着节水灌溉技术的发展,新疆节水灌溉面积已达到178.53万hm2,其中膜下滴灌棉田面积达到59.133万hm2。滴灌棉田盐碱化是节水灌溉中产生的新问题,春灌是水利措施改良盐碱地的方法之一。通过对新疆巴州试验站膜下滴灌棉田的现场试验数据进行分析,得出合理的春灌淋洗定额,以减轻盐碱对土壤的影响。 相似文献
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