Motives behind retailers’ post-entry expansion - Evidence from the Chinese luxury fashion market

This study aims to examine the motives behind retailers’ post-entry expansion in foreign markets. Through case studies of eleven participating luxury fashion retailers in China, qualitative data was collected from twenty-two executive interviews. Although their initial market entry was driven by both reactive (push) and proactive (pull) factors, the motives behind their post-entry expansion have become predominantly proactive, especially long-term growth strategies, the ambition to extend their brands and retail formats to more cities, and the experiences gained in entry markets. The desire to optimize the retail store portfolio through multiple channel strategies have slowed down the expansions of physical stores.     

珠江河口区水环境整体数学模型研究

根据珠江河口区的特点，建立了珠江河口区水流，泥沙及含氟度的整体联解数学模型，探讨了联解的计算模式；利用珠江三角洲和河口区水流泥沙、含氟度连续条件，把珠江三角洲网河区一维水沙、含氟度输移数学模型和河口区二维水沙、含氟度输移数学模型进行联解。同时采用最新的地形资料并选用洪、中、枯水及大、中、小潮等多种水文组合条件对该模型进行分区验证和整体验证，模型验证成果满足精度要求。     

Expanding the analytical potential of channel locational probability maps using cellular statistics

The planimetric shifts in channel location of large alluvial rivers are a critical component in the creation of diverse structures and functions in riverine habitats. Engineered management schemes must also compensate for this type of channel change to protect resources and maintain navigation channels. The stability of the Lower Mississippi River channel was assessed through an analysis of historical records of channel position produced and archived by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Channel location was recorded for the years 1765, 1820, 1881, 1915, 1930, 1937, 1960 and 1970. Channel stability was measured by two introduced metrics on a cell‐by‐cell basis: (1) the standard deviation of Euclidean distance to a channel cell for the entire period of record, and (2) the rate of Euclidean distance change between years in the period of record. At a coarse spatial scale, channel instability increased in the downstream direction. The variability of channel stability also increased in the downstream direction. Analysis of this variability identified alternating areas of high and low stability occurring with greater frequency as distance downstream increased. These findings are validated by past studies of channel stability along the Lower Mississippi River. As a result, the proposed metrics provide a consistent, quantitative, efficient and cost‐effective means of identifying areas of channel instability at several spatial scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

万家寨引黄工程北干1号隧洞Ⅳ标155-274型TBM主轴承总成组装概要

文中对万家寨引黄工程北干线1号隧洞Ⅳ标使用的155—274型TBM主轴承总成各部件组装过程及其相应的技术要求进行了概要的描述，目的是进一步熟悉155—274型TBM主轴承总成的各个部件并加深对主轴承工作原理的理解。     

永定新河治理工程几个关键问题的研究

永定新河是天津市防洪的北部防线。由于受海相来沙淤积 ,河道行洪能力大幅度下降。针对永定新河治理工程设计中涉及到的河道淤积治理方案、闸位比选、防潮闸结构型式及施工方法、闸下减淤清淤措施等诸多问题进行了分析和研究 ,提出了相应的措施和建议     

糯扎渡水电站机组主保护方案

结合糯扎渡水电站大型机组的发电机结构、发电机中性点引出方式及主接线对发电机主保护方案进行了分析研究，提出了发变组主保护方案，并初步确定了发电机中性点CT配置方案。同时也对主要的后备保护及异常运行保护进行了分析，并提出了设置方案。     

佛山市中心组团桥梁群对河道影响的数值分析

在不同频率流量和阻水程度条件下,采用一维明渠非恒定流网河数学模型,分析规划中的佛山市桥梁群对区间河道洪季行洪、枯季水环境的影响,计算洪季不同频率洪峰流量下规划桥梁群对区间河道行洪洪水位、分流比的影响,枯季时规划桥梁群对区间河道过流量、分流比的影响,结果表明,利用一维网河数学模型计算佛山市中心组团规划桥梁群对区间河道断面平均水位、流量和流速的影响,结果有足够的数值精度,是可信的。     

明渠断面水流流速与边界剪切应力横向分布模型

天然河流的横断面多为由主槽和漫滩组成的复式断面,水流在这种断面中比在单一断面中受到更多因素影响,流态也更加复杂。通过将明渠横断面上微元体在水流方向的N-S控制方程沿水深积分,得出描述垂线平均流速和边界剪切应力横向分布的模型,并通过对实验数据的验证,确定了模型的实用性。     

黄河下游河道萎缩致灾机理探讨

本文基于水力学原理，结合实体模型试验及原型实测资料分析，探讨了黄河下游河道萎缩的概念、致灾效应和致灾机理。分析表明，河道萎缩是造床过程中河道排洪输沙功能衰退的一种演变现象，其致灾效应是使洪水涨率增大，同流量下洪水水位不断抬升。致灾的现象主要表现在畸型河势增加、工程险情增多、直接造成工程损失及滩区经济损失等。试验研究揭示，主河槽宽度缩窄造成洪水水位涨幅增大，河底平均高程抬升和过水断面面积减小造成洪水水位起涨的基准面抬升是河道萎缩致灾的主要原因。河道萎缩致灾效应的大小与萎缩模式有关，其中以“集中淤槽”模式所形成的致灾效应尤为明显。     

短模型上的明渠非恒定流试验

水工整体模型试验中,明渠非恒定流至今大多被简化为恒定流,而效果有时并不理想。本文指出,只要设置固定式曲线尾门,并有必要的动态量测设备,便可模拟原型非恒定流;即使模型偏短,也能得出比恒定流试验更接近原型的成果。在同一模型上,既做恒定流试验,又进行必要的非恒定流试验,二者相辅相成,必将有助于试验水平的提高。作为例证,本文介绍了泄洪调度导致航道水面波动的一项试验成果,并以岩基冲刷、通航水流条件、围堰过水、河床冲淤等研究课题为例,讨论了采用“短模型非恒定流试验方式”的必要性与可行性。