Why are Small Firms Different? Managers’ Views

Do incentives differ between large and small organizations? Results from a representative survey of compensation managers are used to shed light on the issues. I find that (i) small establishments rely less on pecuniary incentives, and have a significantly more hostile attitude towards incentive schemes based on competition and relative rewards; (ii) large units are more vulnerable to mechanisms of efficiency wages, effects that remain even after controlling for differences in monitoring ability; (iii) large units are more prone to indicate that negative reciprocity is important, and that their employees care about relative pay. I argue that these findings fit with behavioral stories of incentives and motivation, in particular those stressing group interaction effects, inequity aversion and gift exchange.     

From T-Bills to Stocks: Seasonal Anomalies Revisited

This paper employed eleven data series which consist of stocks, bonds, bills, equity premiums, term premiums, and various default premiums to investigate whether January seasonality reported in existing literature is robust across different states of the economy as this has important trading implications. For the periods 1926–1990, small stocks, small stock premiums, low grade bonds, and default premiums (spread between high grade, low grade and government bonds) reveal January seasonality and that the seasonality is robust across different states of the economy except for low grade bond returns and default premiums. January seasonality for low grade bond returns and low grade bond default premiums are primarily driven by results found during periods of economic expansion. Overall, January seasonality is more evident during the economic expansion periods although the magnitude of default premiums is larger during periods of economic contraction. Furthermore, prior findings of strong summer equity returns are primarily driven by the results found during the periods of economic contraction. It is also found that equity returns are generally higher during periods of economic expansion.     

大中型水电站机电工程质量全过程控制的主要措施

水电站机电工程质量控制,对确保按照设计质量要求生产供货、按照规范标准安装试验、确保电站安全稳定运行、提高经济收益有着重要的意义。但是,质量控制是一个系统全面、不断进步的工作,需要我们不断探索,不断进步。     

社会养老保险新政的运行效果分析——基于沈阳市国有大型企业的调查

利用调查数据重点考察了社会养老保险新政的实际运行效果,指出了目前存在职工参保意愿不强烈、政策有效性尚不明显、对制度长期建设缺乏信心等现实问题,以期对养老保险制度的改革完善提供理论和政策依据。     

万安水电站汛期运行研究

万安水电站位于赣江中游，肩负有上下游防洪任务，下游防洪控制点为吉安、石上两站．电站正常运行后，正常蓄水位和防洪高水位均为100．00m，防洪限制水位和死水位均为90．00m．受移民条件限制，初期运行上述特征水位均降低，主汛期4～6月库水位控制在85．00m，发电水头比正常运行降低5m，机组出力受阻达40％以上，致使电站效益不能充分发挥，而4～6月恰为用电高峰期，电网缺电十分严重．为解决主汛期发电和防洪的矛盾，提出了汛期采用预泄办法提高运行水位的方法，即在水文气象预报的有效预见期（18～24h）内，按8800m3／s控制下泄，使库水位从8800m或90．00m泄至85．00m，可满足万安水电站防洪的两个约束条件，即回水对赣州市的影响既不超过0．3m，也不会加重下游的防洪负担．经过1993年6月的实际运行，证明此方法是可行和有效的，提高万安水电站的运行水位，既增加了经济效益，又提高了运行水头，改善了机组工况．     

泄水建筑物过流壁面不平整体初生空化与空蚀研究述评

泄水建筑物过流壁面不平整体初生空化与空蚀的研究进展，本文作了扼要的综述与评论。内容包括不平整度的定义及其初生空化与空蚀的理论分析、试验研究、比尺效应和理论预测，以及尚存在的问题。文中也包括了作者在上述工作中所作的研究和相应的看法。     

Application of the LP-DP approach to Andong and Imha parallel reservoirs,Korea

This paper presents an application of a previously developed linear programming-dynamic programming (LP-DP) methodology to the operation of Andong and Imha parallel reservoirs in South Korea. The model allows for multioptimization of power generation and municipal, industrial, and irrigation water use. It is shown that the annual average energy and the annual average water supply generated from the joint operation of the two parallel reservoirs by the LD-DP approach is 15.2 and 1.7% more than the contracted power production and water supply respectively.     

漫湾电站溢流表孔掺气减蚀的试验研究

漫湾水电站溢流表孔的掺气减蚀设施，通过不同比尺的模型试验研究，优化出以坎、槽组合型较好。根据试验成果分析，并结合施工现场实况，为设计推荐掺气设施的布置型式、位置、体型尺寸均为工程采用井已建成。从１９９４年汛期原型观测的成果表明：掺气浓度沿程分布、通气孔风速、进气量、空胶负压及气水比等项成果与模型试验规律基本一致，均满足规范要求。说明设计的掺气设施的体型、尺寸是合理的、有效的。     

论三峡水库泥沙淤积的控制——处理三峡水库泥沙的策略与措施

本文专门论述三峡水库泥沙淤积的控制，它是解决三峡工程泥沙问题的关键之一，首先介绍了根据多年研究，提出的利用水库长期使用方法，控制库容淤积，从而能保证绝大部分防洪库容和调节库容。其次提出按照水库积和回水的相互作用，利用防洪限制水位控制库尾回水抬高、筘辊重庆市洪水位抬高，以尽可能减少中、后期淹没，第三、着重阐述了在三峡水库泥沙研究中为了增加水库航深，首次提出航运控制调度的概念，以限制枯水期水位消落，增加其航深，在此基础上从水库淤积控制角度论述了三峡水库运用水位的选择。     

丹江口水利枢纽建立水库调度历史数据库

水库在多年运行中积累的大量数据资料，是科学调度水库的有用信息，数据库技术是科学管理这些信息有效工具，本文介绍了丹江口水利枢纽水库调度历史数据库系统的设计目标，运行环境，功能，结构和操作等，其设计目标是方便迅速地为水库高度工作提供原始数据或统计数据；系统采用长城微机，使用速度快，兼容性强的ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ数据库管理系统软件，通过ＮＯＶＥＬＬ网络系统供网内用户调用；系统功能有六项，即查询，统计、打印、续