Satellite SAR Remote Sensing of Great Lakes Ice Cover,Part 2. Ice Classification and Mapping

During the 1997 winter season, shipborne polarimetric backscatter measurements of Great Lakes (freshwater) ice types using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory C-band scatterometer, together with surface-based ice physical characterization measurements and environmental parameters, were acquired concurrently with Earth Resource Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and RADARSAT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. This polarimetric data set, composed of over 20 variations of different ice types measured at incident angles from 0° to 60° for all polarizations, was processed to radar cross-section to establish a library of signatures (look-up table) for different ice types. The library is used in the computer classification of calibrated satellite SAR data. Computer analysis of ERS-2 and RADARSAT ScanSAR images of Great Lakes ice cover using a supervised classification technique indicates that different ice types in the ice cover can be identified and mapped, and that wind speed and direction can have an influence on the classification of water as ice based on single frequency, single polarization data. Once satellite SAR data are classified into ice types, the ice map provides important and necessary input for environmental protection and management, ice control and ice breaking operations, and ice forecasting and modeling efforts.     

用电话网实现远程监控自动化

分析了偏僻高山上通信机房和电气房要进行监控的内容和特点等，探讨 了用经济、可靠的电话交换网实现远程监控自动化的方案和实施办法。该设计根据监控对象 的特点，利用现有的电话网络和程控交换机实现远程监控，不需要专用通信传输通道，不需 要增加硬件和软件，成本低，技术成熟，容易实现。     

Monitoring water quality in reservoirs with IRS-1A-LISS-I

An attempt has been made to quantify the relationship between the variation in IRS-IA-LISS-I (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite-1A Linear Imaging Self-Scanning System) radiance data and field measured change in secchi disc depth. Secchi disc depth was measured for 47 predetermined sampling locations on reservoir surface water. At extinction depth (secchi depth), water samples were collected from all the sampling locations. Suspended sediments of eight locations representing various reaches of the reservoir were selected for mineralogical, particle size and optical properties analysis. The LISS-I radiance value in band 1 (0.45–0.52µm) band 2 (0-52–0.59 µm) and band 3 (0.62–0.68 µm) were used in a regression analysis. The absorption infrared band 4 (0.77–0.86 µm) was not included in the analysis. In these, the dependable variable was secchi depth (SD) and the LISS-I-radiance data was the estimator variable. Forty-seven data sets of 20 October 1988 from Tawa reservoir surface water were used to obtain an estimator equation for SD. The verification of the estimator equation was tested by applying it to a data set of 21 measurements of 28 September 1988 for this reservoir. The coefficient of correlation between observed and estimated values for the 28 September 1988 data set wasr=0.92 for SD, indicating that the equation could accurately predict the water clarity (SD) for this reservoir on new occasions from IRS-IA-LISS-I spectral data. It is shown that mineral composition and optical properties of suspended sediments influence the reflected radiance of water quality. It is concluded that IRS-IA-LISS-I data provide a useful means of mapping water quality in reservoir.     

基于山区地质灾害危险性分区的建设用地适宜性评价

地质灾害是建设用地选址时考虑的关键因素之一,也是危险性区划的主要参考要素,其直接或间接危害到人类安全并给社会和经济建设造成重大损失。为了降低建设用地规划中地质灾害的影响,应将地质灾害危险性分区考虑到建设用地适宜性评价当中。以干旱河谷山区丹巴县为研究区,运用确定系数和逻辑回归相结合的方法,构建地质灾害危险性评价体系对该区进行地质灾害危险性分区。选择安全因子、自然因子、社会因子和生态因子共同构成建设用地适宜性评价指标体系,利用层次分析法对研究区进行建设用地适宜性评价。结果表明:(1)对丹巴县进行危险性分区,极高危险区217.20km2,高危险区744.95km2,中度危险区1352.44km2,低度危险区1295.08km2以及极低危险区875.32km2。(2)丹巴县建设用地最适宜区面积为115.72km2,占县域总面积的2.57%,适宜建设的土地少且多集中在小金川、革什扎河、东谷河和大渡河沿岸河谷地区。较适宜区、基本适宜区、较不适宜区和禁止建设区面积分别为683.47km2、623.21km2、590.66km2、2494.21km2。(3)已建成的城镇空间中38.50%和37.62%分布在最适宜区和较适宜区,整体分布状况良好。有5.85%的城镇空间建设在较不适宜区,2.67%在禁止建设区,存在生态安全风险,该区域应加强灾害预警与防灾减灾工作,有条件地适度搬迁。     

对湘鄂渝黔边区部分偏远山区搬迁扶贫的思考

湘鄂渝黔边区部分偏远山区搬迁扶贫不仅是可行的,而且是必要的.在搬迁扶贫中,应制定综合性的农村发展规划,缩小城乡就业机会之间的不平衡;搞好各方面的综合配套改革,为搬迁农户创造良好的生存发展环境,并注重对迁出地的开发.     

光学遥感观测技术在IDI保险行业的应用

IDI保险是工程质量类保险的一种,在国内主要应用于住宅项目。IDI保险需要在工程建设的全过程中进行质量管控和风险评估。常规水准检测、GPS等技术难以满足IDI保险对风险建筑进行大范围、快速、长期监测的需要。光学遥感观测技术是一种可以实现大面积地物监测的遥感观测技术,该技术可以为IDI保险的监测工作提供数据信息支持。论文整理了近几年关于光学遥感观测技术应用于建筑高度监测的文献,对分类法、边缘检测法、阈值法进行介绍和总结,说明光学遥感观测技术在IDI保险行业中有较高的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

广西饮用水水源地远程可视化监管系统设计

结合广西地区饮用水源保护的实际情况设计了一种新型的可视化远程监控系统可实现无人值守在线可靠监 控, 主要用于水源地现场可视化反馈并协助执法人员对水源地进行有效的监管保护, 获取各种周围环境信息, 并通 过执行器进行遥控。终端装置采用 STM32F103RBT6 单片机控制, 并通过 GPRS 网络接入局域网与联网的 PC 主 机进行网络通信, 配有 OV2640 摄像头与各种传感器以获取现场图片与各种参数。该设计在满足应用要求的情况 下, 尽可能降低设备成本。通过对传统监控方案改进, 新方案具有一定的潜在应用前景。     

无人机遥感在水土保持领域的应用

我国水土流失面积大并分布广泛,传统水土保持研究调查方法已不能满足目前水土流失数据的获取需求。无人机遥感技术作为一种新型遥感数据获取手段,非常适合小范围内高分辨率遥感数据的即时获取,在水土保持领域的应用越加广泛。主要介绍了无人机遥感高分辨、高精度、高效率、低成本的应用特点,分析了无人机遥感数据获取和解译过程,总结了其在水土保持方案编制、动态监测、监督执法及设施验收评估等方面的具体应用,论述了该项技术在水土保持领域的重要性和发展前景。     

水土流失遥感调查中植被覆盖度因子提取研究

植被覆盖度是水土流失的主要影响因子,而利用遥感影像判读可以快速有效地获得大范围的植被覆盖度。简要介绍了水土流失遥感调查中植被覆盖度因子提取的方法。基于遥感与实地野外调查数据,采用MODIS时序数据融合高分遥感数据的方法,以湖南省蓝山县为试验区,对植被覆盖度因子进行了提取。结果表明,该方法提取植被覆盖度因子的结果较理想。提出的植被覆盖度因子提取方法对今后的水土流失动态监测研究具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。