Relative-to-rival corporate philanthropy,product market competitiveness,and stakeholders

Unlike most of the literature that examines the relationship between corporate philanthropy and financial performance, this study investigates the mechanisms through which corporate socially responsible behaviors produce financial outcomes. We propose that corporate philanthropy improves corporate competitiveness by eliciting positive responses from stakeholders, who assess a firm’s philanthropic contribution in relation to its rivals to determine what level of support they wish to provide to the firm. We predict that a firm’s philanthropy relative to its rivals has a positive effect on its product market competitiveness, and that this positive effect is moderated by three conditions that influence stakeholder response: stakeholder attention to philanthropy, its perceived legitimacy, and expectations of corporate giving. Our predictions are generally supported by our analyses. Overall, this paper shows that strategic philanthropy has a quantitative dimension, and firms obtain the market competitiveness associated with corporate philanthropy by integrating their rivals’ positions into their decision making.     

Uncertainty,Control, and Karl Polanyi’s Protective Response

Post-Keynesian institutionalist economists like Wallace Peterson and John Kenneth Galbraith recognized that the impact of uncertainty on economic wellbeing depends in part on the degree of control people have over the sources and consequences of it. Given the inability of government and other large institutions to reduce uncertainty or to provide citizens with the ability to manage it, mediating structures are considered as an alternative means of promoting economic security. The article concludes by describing and evaluating several of these alternatives.     

文克尔地基上中面x方向受力的矩形薄板的振动

建立文克尔地基上x=0与x=a两对边受面内均布拉(压)力作用的矩形薄板自由振动和强迫振动的微分方程并求得其通解。给出振型函数的表达式，用广义函数的富里叶展开，讨论板在不同形式载荷作用下的强迫振动响应。文中导出的各种情况下的影响函数，亦可用于求解相应情况下矩形薄板的静力弯曲与稳定性问题。     

What Prompts the People＇s Bank of China to Change Its Monetary Policy Stance？ Evidence from a Discrete Choice Model

In the present paper, we model the policy stance of the People＇s Bank of China （PBC） as a latent variable, and the discrete changes in the reserve requirement ratio, policy interest rates, and the scale of open market operations are taken as signals of movement of this latent variable. We run a discrete choice regression that relates these observed indicators of policy stance to major trends of macroeconomic and financial developments, which are represented by common factors extracted from a large number of variables. The predicted value of the estimated model can then be interpreted as the implicit policy stance of the PBC. In a second step, we estimate how much of the variation in the PBC＇ s implicit stance can be explained by measures of its policy objectives on inflation, growth and financial stability. We find that deviations of CPI inflation from an implicit target and deviations of broad money growth from the announced targets, but not output gaps, figure significantly in the PBC＇s policy changes.     

Independent Movement or Government Subcontractor? – Strategic Responses of Voluntary Organizations to Institutional Processes

The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that can explain differing responses of voluntary organizations to the pressure of homogenization that follows from interaction with public authorities. The paper is theoretically based on institutional organization theory and resource dependence theory, and empirically on research on voluntary organizations in the social sector. It is asserted that the following factors may explain voluntary organizations' ability to maintain autonomous in relation to public organizations: the characteristics of the organizational field, the focal organization's relations to the dominating organization in the field, organization characteristics and intra–organizational processes and strategies.     

The effect of exchange rate changes on trade balances in the short and long run

Using generalized impulse response functions, this study tests for the trade J‐curve for three transitional central European countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland – in their bilateral trade with respect to Germany. Our findings suggest that for each country there are some characteristics associated with a J‐curve effect: after a (real or nominal) depreciation the export‐to‐import ratio briefly drops to below its initial value within a few months and then rises to a long run equilibrium value higher than the initial one.     

Use of minimum risk approach in the estimation of regression models with missing observations

This article considers a linear regression model with some missing observations on the response variable and presents two estimators of regression coefficients employing the approach of minimum risk estimation. Small disturbance asymptotic properties of these estimators along with the traditional unbiased estimator are analyzed and conditions, that are easy to check in practice, for the superiority of one estimator over the other are derived. Received May 2001     

三峡工程左厂房坝导墙抗震计算分析

 用反应谱理论对三峡左厂房坝导墙3种典型设计断面型式进行了抗震计算分析比较，得出了其自振特性及地震动位移、动应力响应。对选定的设计断面型式Ⅲ进行了抗拉应力强度安全性评价。     

环境荷载联合作用下海上风电结构动力响应分析

为研究海上风电结构在复杂的海洋环境中承受环境荷载(风、波、冰、流)的联合作用时,结构产生的剧烈的动力响应问题。文章以三脚架基础海上风电结构为研究对象,采用ANSYS有限元软件建立其整体模型并进行荷载(风、波、流和风、冰、流)联合作用下的静力校核,通过对环境荷载联合作用下的三脚架基础海上风电结构进行瞬态分析,掌握其动力响应的特性及规律。结果表明:三脚架基础结构的一、二阶自振频率均为0.285Hz,在所选风机允许的频率范围内,可以保证整体结构不会与风机转动发生共振;风荷载在风、波、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构响应的稳态波动,冰荷载在风、冰、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构的稳态振动过程;塔筒顶端呈现的位移和加速度响应均远大于三脚架基础顶端;环境荷载联合作用下结构动力响应是环境荷载单独作用下动力响应叠加的结果。     

某上游式尾矿坝抗震有限元分析

为了分析某上游式尾矿坝的抗震安全性,采用等价黏弹性理论、Seed液化理论和Newmark滑动变形理论,对尾矿坝的地震动位移、加速度、液化区域、坝坡抗震稳定性及地震永久变形进行计算分析。结果表明：尾矿坝在Ⅶ度设防地震作用下,坝体动位移和加速度分布规律合理,其中水平向和竖向动位移极值分别为6.39和0.72 cm,水平向和竖向动加速度极值分别为4.06和2.64 m/s²;地震液化区域出现在尾水覆盖的滩面浅表层,未影响到整个坝体;地震时坝坡抗滑稳定安全系数最小值为1.09,地震结束后累计永久变形为11.95 cm。除远离坝坡的浅表层坝体出现小范围液化区外,大坝整体抗震安全性能较好,不会出现重大安全问题。